Round Houses Hold Hundreds Of People In Fujian

Fujian Earth Long is a recognized world heritage Chinese architecture, the largest building accommodating 600 people.
Round houses hold hundreds of people in Fujian
Name and architecture: Earth is the name to refer to houses with many different shapes such as square, oval and pentagon in Fujian. The name "Tho Long" in Chinese implies that houses are made of earth. Tho Long in Fujian province is concentrated in two cities, Longyan and Zhangzhou. In which, in Vinh Dinh district of Long Nham (there are about 20,000 territorial buildings), Nam Tinh district of Chuong Chau (about 15,000 buildings), in addition to other districts such as Binh Hoa, Hoa An, Chieu An

... there are also several hundred long brothel The Hokkien Gathering in Fujian was recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage in July 2008 and adopted the common name for this architectural style "Phuc Kien Tho Long".




The history of this unique structure is associated with the migrations of the Han people to the south to live with Bach Viet residents. Here, they always encounter conflicts with indigenous peoples, bandits and forced prevention of wild beasts. Those are the factors that lead to the idea of building a common house for many people to deal with external factors, stabilize their lives.
Because of the above factors, the land has a solid architecture. This place is not only for living, but also a protective "fortress" so the height of the long brothel is usually from 4 to 5 floors. Tho Long has only one main entrance and no windows on the ground floor. Doors (or gates) are key points, often reinforced with stone and iron, to prevent fires and outside attack When the gate is closed, it is the inner and the foreign.



The earth walls were built very thick. For example, long ground in Nam Tinh district has a thickness of up to 2 m. Inside, long brothels are divided into rooms for households to live in. Different from the outside, inside the gazebo is very delicately designed to bring warm air in winter and cool summer with good ventilation and windbreak system. Especially long earth can withstand strong earthquakes. A common point of long earthenware is that the first floor is used as a kitchen cum living room, the second floor is a place to store food, bedrooms are arranged from the third floor upwards. Also from the third floor upwards, the new earth began to have small windows for ventilation and a place to attack outside enemies.
Tho Long in Fujian have different sizes, large and small.



The large gazebo with Chan Thanh long, long Thua Khai, Vinh Xuong, Phuc Du long, Dien Loa Khanh ... Thua Khai Tho Long with circular architecture, 4 floors high and inside is divided into four layers of houses, viewed Long earth has the largest capacity. The entire court of Thua Khai has 400 rooms, can accommodate more than 80 households, about 600 people living together. The first circular building built in Fujian was Te Van Long in Hoa An district, built in 1371. Other brothels such as Chan Thanh or Thua Khai have a history of more than 300 years.
Tho Long and Hakka culture: The owner of a long house in Fujian is Hakka.



Many people perceive the Hakka as a Chinese ethnic minority, but in fact they are Han Chinese. Hakka in English (the word is derived from the Cantonese pronunciation). That's why terrestrial architecture is known in the West as the Hakka House (Hakka's house) or Hakkas's Earth Buildings (Hakka's). When I visited the world cultural heritage site in Nam Tinh for a long time, the tour guide (originally a Hakka) explained to me the name "Hakka" is an abbreviation in the sentence "Away from home. ".
The Hakka is a term used to refer to the Han people who have migrated from the north to the south. Although settling in another place for centuries, they still claim to be just a guest living away from home. Another base, called "Hakka", was that during the Song Dynasty during the war with the Yuan army, many Han Chinese who had migrated to the south then registered for the army.



However, in the civil status section at that time, there was a distinction between "owner" and "visitor", so these militants were recorded as "citizens" to distinguish them from indigenous people. Later the name "Hakka" is actually another way of calling "the guest".
From a historical perspective, the Han in northern China had three major migrations southward. In the process, the Han people encountered cultural conflicts, difficulties with natural conditions and social environment, and even strong disputes with the natives there. These conflicts and contradictions are the causes of the formation of the long terrestrial architecture and long earth culture of the Hakka.
What is fascinating about longland is the fact that there are many households living in the same building. However, with separate rooms in the bermon, each family still has an independent space and a relatively equal division in the community.
According to Trinh Hien Thuong / Vnexpress
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