Worm Infestation Situation

Main events:
Earthworm infestation is caused by a number of different helminth species;
They are transmitted via eggs from the faeces of infected people into the soil and toilets are quite poor;
Approximately 1.5 billion people globally are infected with soil-transmitted helminths;
Infection with soil-transmitted helminths will lead to nutritional and physical depletion in children;
Preventing worm infection based on: Periodic worm books to eliminate and prevent re-infection, enhance health education to prevent, improve hygiene and living conditions to reduce infections into contaminated soil and eggs Use safe and effective medicines to control the infection.
Earthworm infestation is one of the most common infections in the world and affects the poorest and most extreme communities. They are transmitted by eggs contained in human feces and thus contaminate soil in areas of poor sanitation and living conditions. The main species that infect humans are roundworm, hairworm, and hookworm

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Distribution and prevalence globally
About 1.5 billion people, or 24% of the world's population, are infected with soil-transmitted helminths worldwide. Infections are fairly widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions More than 267 million children are at an early age and more than 568 million children are at school age, living in places where the parasites have a large spread, and requiring early treatment and preventive interventions
Propagation
Earth-transmitted earthworms are transmitted via eggs and excreted in infected human faeces. Adult worms reside in the intestine where they lay thousands of eggs a day.



. In areas where sanitation is not good, these eggs pollute the soil environment. This happens in the way:
Eggs are attached to vegetables when they are not cooked, washed or peeled carefully;
Eggs are ingested from contaminated water sources;
Eggs are ingested when children play in contaminated grounds and then put their hands in their mouths when not washing their hands.
In addition, hookworm eggs are hatched in the soil, releasing larvae into a form that can penetrate our skin. People are infected with hookworms mainly because of barefoot infection on contaminated soil. to mature in the soil before they become able to contaminate Because the worms do not multiply in the human body, reinfection occurs when exposed to environmental stages of infection
Impact on nutrition
Earthworms weaken human nutrition in many ways.
The worms take food from host tissues, including blood, which leads to blood loss and protein.
In addition, hookworm infection also causes chronic intestinal bleeding leading to severe anemia.
Worms increase the absorption of nutrients for the body.



. In addition, roundworms can compete with vitamin A in the gut.
Some earthworms reduce appetite, thus reducing nutrient intake and fitness. In particular, T. trichiura can make the digestive tract unbalanced and cause diarrhea, dysentery
Incidence and symptoms
Incidence is related to the number of resident worms. People with mild infections (few worms) usually do not get sick. Severe infections can cause a range of symptoms including intestinal manifestations (diarrhea and abdominal pain), malnutrition, or discomfort and physical weakness, and poor height and physical development. matter.
Severe infections can cause intestinal obstruction and need to be treated with surgery.
Prevention Strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO)
In 2001, participants at the World Health General Assembly unanimously passed a resolution (WHA54.



.19) calling for circulating countries to start addressing worm infections seriously, especially schistosomiasis and worms transmitted through soil. The strategy to prevent soil-transmitted helminth infections is to control the situation through periodic treatment of those at risk of living in endemic areas Subjects at risk are:
Children in kindergarten
Children of school age
Women of childbearing age (including women in the second and third trimesters and lactating women)
Adults in high-risk occupations such as tea pickers or miners.
WHO recommends periodic drug treatment (deworming) without prior individual diagnosis for all people living in endemic areas. Treatment should be carried out once a year when the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in the community is above 20%, and twice a year, when the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in the community is over 50%. This intervention will reduce the incidence of disease by reducing the burden of worm infection. Besides:
Health and hygiene education reduces transmission and reinfection by promoting healthy behaviors
The supply of adequate hygiene also.

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