How To Get And Preserve Urine Samples

Urine is an extremely important secretion of the body, responsible for excreting out the toxic substances, the residues produced in the metabolism of substances. In addition to the urine test, several species of parasitic worms were found. The change in physical and chemical properties, the composition of urine clearly reflects the disorder in the metabolism of substances and activities of internal organs such as the liver, kidneys, endocrine glands. The purpose of a urine test is to help diagnose and monitor the treatment process of the above-mentioned organs.
Urine test once
Tools: use big test tubes or bottles with lids

. All must be clean and dry. It is best to use a plastic container, and use it once and then discard it.
Time of collection: urine is usually taken in the early morning, when hungry (when the patient wakes up) Urine will now be most concentrated because it will accumulate in the bladder for a long time and will not depend on the diet and body activity like daytime Therefore, taking urine at this time for testing is the best time. In some special cases, the best time to collect urine is as follows:
If urine glucose is suspected, urine should be taken after meals.



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Take urine every 2 hours to test for urobilinogen in hemolytic disease, or addis sediment.
Urinary tract infection, take urine early in the morning to wake up. With regular qualitative tests, use urine at any time of the day.
How to take: The medical staff will give the patient a clean bottle labeled ID, name, year of birth and guide the patient to collect urine in the middle of the stream as follows:
Clean the urinary tract before taking.
Remove the first urine stream, take the urine in the middle section into about 1/2 vial containing, remove the remaining urine (due to contamination by mucus, bong cells, bacteria)
Then take the urine vial to the laboratory
Note: tell patients not to take urine after drinking too much water, or after a hard working regime, or after eating
Methods of preservation:
It is best to use fresh urine at laboratory temperature. Therefore, urine after being taken is taken to the laboratory immediately, no later than one hour after collection.
If the time taken for too long urine is fermented by bacteria. Excessive heat can also damage urine samples.



. Specifically, the organic matter in urine will decompose, urea will be broken down into NH3. Therefore, it will increase the pH of urine. Red blood cells and white blood cells are also completely deformed. Other inorganic organic matter will also decompose
If urine samples have not been analyzed immediately, they can be stored at a temperature of 2-8 degrees C for 3 days. If the water is aged longer than 3 days, it must be stored in the freezer.
Get urine 24 hours
Pharmacology used in quantitative tests such as quantitative urine glucose, quantitative proteinuria, ...
Tools: usually use a pot with lid or jar with volume divider.



. The pot and the container of urine should be washed, not mixed with detergent, flush with boiling water to kill all bacteria, including lids.
How to get:
At the appointed time, give the patient all urine, discard that portion of urine For the next 24 hours, all urine of the patient will be collected in a potty or into a clean container (collect the urine as the patient defecates). The next day at the 24th hour will let the last patient urinate in the pot or bottle of 24-hour urine.
How to tell patients:
At six o'clock in the morning, he left. The next time you urinate, the entire collection in the potty or bottle (even when defecation). Until the next morning at six o'clock, urinate into the potty or bottle. Put potty or urine container in a cool, covered place to avoid evaporation. Every time you put urine into the bottle, shake well to mix with preservative.
Methods of preservation:
To prevent fermentation and damage to cells and to prevent the growth of impurities, the following anti-rot substances are used:
Thymol mixed in alcohol to create a 10% solution, giving 5-10ml / 24-hour urine.



Take care not to use thymol when doing tests involving proteins, bilirubin, glucose, as thymol will cause incorrect results.
Phenol: 1 drop drops are used for 30ml of urine.
Acid HCl uses 5ml for 24-hour urine.
0.8% boric acid has little effect on test results.
Choloform or 10% formol is not used when testing glucose.
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