Echinococcus In Human

Schistosomiasis (Echinococcus) belongs to Echinococcus species, there are two representatives of this group that infect humans: Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis.
1. Source of transmission of Echinococcus
Echinococcus granulosus is found in Africa, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas. Adult Echinococcus granulosus is 2-7mm long, has 4 suction plates, the head has 3 burns, the body has 3 segments, the last one is filled with eggs, lives in the dog's small intestine. The burning of adult dog flukes releases eggs that are mixed in the dog's feces, and can immediately become contagious when released to the environment

. Dog flukes can survive for several months to a year in the soil. If the intermediate host ate, the egg hatched into an embryo with 6 hooks in the small intestine. The embryo penetrates the intestinal wall through the circulatory system to various organs in the intermediate host body, especially the liver and lungs The intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus are sheep, buffaloes, cows, goats and pigs
Itchy skin eczema of patients infected with dog flukes after one week of treatment
2. Mode of transmission of Echinococcus trematodes
When parasitic in organs, the 6 hook embryo develops into a fluke cyst.



. The tapeworm follicles are enlarged quickly, have a thick outer shell, inside contains many young flukes with hooks and small tapeworm follicles. If the dog eats an intermediate host the tapeworm is infected. Cysticercosis develops into adult flukes in 32 to 80 days, and attaches to the wall of the small intestine. The person is not the main host, but just the accidental auxiliary host of the dog flukes (dog flukes), and is only accidentally infected by swallowing eggs in soil, water or food. When burning an old flukes out of the anus can make the dog itch, they will lick the anus, then lick the fur, and the tapeworm eggs there People who interact with dogs and groom their fur without washing their hands can easily swallow tapeworm eggs Breeders of cattle, sheep, pigs, etc., often raise dogs to look after cattle, thus creating a favorable condition for the development of tapeworms and are more susceptible to infection than non-livestock people. After entering the body, 6-hook embryos escape from the shell in the small intestine and develop into tapeworm cysts in various organs. If the cysts rupture, the early fluke cysts may form secondary cysts in different parts of the body.



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3. Manifestations of Echinococcus schistosomiasis
A tapeworm infection is usually asymptomatic for many years until the tapeworm grows large enough to cause symptoms. Symptoms depend on the organ from which the tapeworm parasites. Dog flukes (dog flukes) are usually parasitic in the liver and lungs, so patients often have symptoms in the two organs However, all other agencies can be targeted for dog flukes. When the tapeworm rupture will cause body reactions such as fever, urticaria, eosinophilia, if serious, can cause anaphylactic shock. Tapeworm cysts can spread tapeworms in the body.
Echinococcus multilocularis is distributed worldwide, but mainly in Northern Hemisphere countries such as Europe, Asia, and North America. Echinococcus multilocularis is 1.2 to 4.



.5 mm long, with the main hosts being foxes, wolves, and domestic dogs. They parasitize in the host's small intestine The burning of a dog flukes releases the eggs that are mixed in the dog's feces, and can immediately become contagious when released to the environment. Unlike Echinococcus granulosus, the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis are small targets. If the intermediate host ate, the egg hatched into an embryo with 6 hooks in the small intestine. The embryo penetrates the intestinal wall through the circulatory system to various organs in the intermediate host body, but mostly to the liver. The 6-hook embryo develops into a thin-walled flukes, has many compartments, developing by budding. Many immature adult fluke heads in this cyst. The main hosts are infected by eating meat or organs of intermediate hosts containing tapeworms. After entering the body, the fluke will attach to the intestinal wall and mature after 32-80 days.



People get infected by eating eggs. Embryos 6 hook through the intestinal wall to create cocoons in the liver. "Metastatic phenomenon" can occur if the early fluke is released and moved to other organs such as lungs, brain, heart, bone ... Echinococcus multilocularis infection occurs frequently in animals, but in humans Rarely, more rarely is Echinococcus granulosus.
Echinococcus multilocularis infection forms slow-growing tumors that destroy liver parenchyma. The most common early symptom is abdominal pain, and obstruction of the bile A liver tumor may be misdiagnosed as liver cancer. Sometimes damage to the lungs, spleen and brain may occur.



. Untreated can lead to death.
The diagnosis of Echinococcus trematode is based on diagnostic imaging and serum tests. Treatment can combine both medication and surgery.
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