Who Is At Risk For Skin-transmitted Helminths?

A. and T. are newlyweds. The couple decided to go to the beach to honeymoon. The trip is very romantic

. In the afternoon, the two of them held hands and walked on the sand to watch the sunset. You guys have loads of beautiful photos to show your friends on Facebook. There is only one sadness that both of you have Their feet began to itch, appearing thin, thread-like streaks of red
Increasing itching, there is no way to help itch, making both people extremely worried and uncomfortable. After going to many unsuccessful places, the two of them decided to go to a parasite specialty clinic and were diagnosed with larvae moving outside the skin.



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So which helminth infections are transmitted through the skin?
Dermatitis is a skin infection caused by hookworm larvae from dogs - cats. This disease is common in tropical countries, including our country. The dog-cat hookworm parasite eggs from dog feces, the cat will hatch larvae in moist sandy soil, then get into human skin.
Who is at risk for skin-transmitted helminths?
Hookworm larvae can move through healthy skin to enter the human body, if damaged skin will create more favorable conditions for the penetration of larvae. Everyone who comes into contact with contaminated sand and soil is at risk of getting into the skin by larvae The most commonly affected positions are the feet of bare feet, or any part of the body that comes into contact with dirty soil, such as the buttocks if sitting on contaminated soil or the back while lying in the sun on the beach
When larvae enter the body, there are usually no symptoms, or it may be less itchy. Often patients will think of an insect sting, few people think it is due to a parasite.
The larvae can immediately begin to function or remain silent for weeks or months. When active, the larvae will burrow into the skin, a diameter of 2-3mm wide.



. The larval movement speed varies from a few millimeters to several centimeters per day. The larvae themselves are located about 1-2 cm away from the affected area, in the front in the direction of movement of the lesion. Manifestations of the skin lesions are thin, thread-like lines of red, which may be slightly rough on the surface of the skin relative to the larva's migration path.
Be aware of dog hookworms as they can get through the skin to enter the body
What are manifestations of skin helminth infection?
The new lesions will extend the old lesions, which are redder than the old ones, the length of zigzag marks is a few centimeters The more larvae involved in tunneling, the more skin lesions manifest the zigzag, crooked and more diverse. Vesicles or bullous lesions may appear in 10% of cases. The larvae only migrate locally in the epidermis because of the lack of the enzyme collagenase necessary for disrupting the basement membrane. Therefore, the case of larvae penetrating deep into the body, causing damage to internal organs is extremely rare.
Humans are not the main host of this parasite, the larvae in the human body will die, so this disease can go away on its own. In most cases, the disease will clear on its own within 4-8 weeks.



. However, skin lesions and pruritus symptoms may last for several months depending on the patient.
Although the disease may go away on its own, if treatment shortens the duration of the illness, significantly reduces the symptoms of itching, skin lesions will heal faster Therefore, if you suspect that you are ill, you should visit and treat immediately. The course of treatment is only to kill parasitic drugs. When skin rashes, patients tend to break, damage the skin surface, facilitate bacterial penetration, causing skin superinfection, also known as secondary infection. When there is secondary infection, the swelling is red, purulent and painful. Secondary infection, if not properly treated, can have severe consequences. Treatment of secondary infections requires combination of anthelmintic and antibiotic to cure. Skin lesions are treated with topical medicine to help the wounds heal, reduce itching, and prevent superinfection.
How to prevent infection with helminths through the skin?
To prevent disease, do not go barefoot on sandy beaches or beaches, especially in areas where dogs are left unattended.



When sunbathing, or sitting on the beach, you should line a towel, not directly on the sand. Gloves should be worn when planting, soil preparation, and waste removal. Children should not play with sandy soil, walk barefoot, or lie on the ground.
Doctor: Nguyen Pham Diem Kieu.

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