Hazardous Hazardous Diseases No

Parasitical Worms.com Hairworm was first described by Linnaeus in 1771. Worldwide, adult hairworm is also described as a whip for horseback riding due to its small, long head, which contains the esophagus like a whip. then the bulging tail contains the genitals and intestines like the whip handle. Hairworm infections are common in hot, humid climates and poor sanitation

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1. HAIRDRYING BODY
Worms mature
The long, slender-like head takes up 3/5 of the body, plugging into the lining of the esophagus. The bulging tail contains the genitals and intestines, suspended in the intestines
Males 30 - 45 mm long, curled tail, with intercourse spines The females are 35-50mm long and the tail is straight.
Egg
Size 50-54 µm x 22-23 µm, elongated, like a betel nut.



. Eggs have long, smooth shells, with clear mucous on both ends. Newly laid eggs have only a cluster of cells, not capable of infection.
2. DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Adult worms parasitize in the large intestine, usually in the cecum, nutrition is mainly blood. After mating, female worms lay eggs, each day the female worms lay about 3,000 - 10,000 eggs The egg is just a bunch of cells now, the eggs follow the stool Outdoors, climatic conditions and moist, shaded soil, eggs continue to develop eggs with larvae for about 3 weeks, this is a potentially contagious period.
When a person swallows eggs containing larvae in food or water, reaching the stomach, gastric juice and digestive enzymes destroy the eggshell, releasing the larvae, the larvae move down the small intestine. Unlike roundworm, hairworm larvae do not have a period of travel through the liver, heart, and lungs. The larvae then move to the cecum and the colon develops into an adult, which attaches to the intestinal mucosa.



. from the time the person swallows the eggs until the worms mature about 30-90 days and the hairworm can live in the human body for 4-6 years.
Hair worm development cycle
3. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Hairworm infections are prevalent all over the world, mainly in tropical countries. In some tropical countries, the prevalence of hairworm infection may be 80% In Vietnam, the prevalence of hairworm infection in the North 52% higher in the South 3% - 5%.
The prevalence of hairworm in children is higher than that of adults, a serious infection in young children due to the habit of playing with infected soil. The study of Thua Thien Hue province investigated the situation of worm infection among preschool-aged children in 2008 in five mountainous and rural preschools for the common worm infection rate, accounting for 35.22%, of which worm infections chopsticks (Ascaris lumbricoides) accounted for 16.98%, hairworm infection (trichuris trichiura) accounted for 10.06% and hookworm infection (Ancylostoma duodenale) accounted for 15.



.09%. Method of direct transmission by swallowing eggs with larvae into the mouth with dirty hands or in contaminated food and drinking water
Hairworm eggs when outdoors, need the right conditions to be able to develop: heavy rain, high humidity, lots of shade. Hairworm eggs are resistant to good settings, but less resistant to dry, hot or cold conditions than roundworms. Because of its close resemblance to roundworm, hairworm infections often combine with roundworm infections.
4. Clinical symptoms
Mild infection of the hairworm ( 30,000 eggs / gram of feces, they developed symptoms of hairworm infection.
Severe hairworm infections (> 200 adult worms), chronic worms will spread from the cecum to the colon and have the following symptoms:
- Gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea ..



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- dysentery syndrome: having a bowel movement many times a day, bloody mucus stool, abdominal pain Due to intestinal irritation, diarrhea many times and patients have to push during bowel movements, it can cause complications of rectal prolapse with rectal mucosa being flipped out and hair worms sticking on the mucosa.
- Anemia: often causes asthenic anemia and severe anemia can also occur Hemoglobin <6 g / dl. Patients lose blood about 0.005 ml per day. Anemia can be caused by excessive blood consumption in the condition of severe hairworm infection or colon damage causing bleeding of the hairworm (dysentery syndrome). A study evaluating Indian blood loss in T. trichiura found that worms did not lead to significant gastrointestinal bleeding if they did not have dysentery dysentery syndrome In addition, hairworm infections are often associated with malnutrition, hookworm infection or Entamoeba histolytia amoeba so should evaluate the anemia caused by hair worms sometimes difficult. - Weight loss.


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- Mental retardation and motor development.
5. DIAGNOSTIC
Implementing the quadrants
Stool test for hairworm eggs: Direct or concentrated method of examination; Kato-Katz is recommended to be performed because it is simple, reliable and quantifiable to assess infection. If infected with <1,000 eggs / gram of stool and mild infection, if infected> 10,000 eggs / gram of stool may have clinical manifestations. Occasionally, eosinophils or Charcot - Leyden crystals can be found in the stool in dysentery patients.
Endoscopy of the rectum: Many hair worms can be seen lining the mucosa
Differential diagnosis..

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