Cryptosporidium Spp

DIETARY DISEASE DISEASES
(CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP)
1. PATTERNS OF DISEASES OF GERMANY
There are two types of parasites that cause disease in humans: Cryptosporidium muris, ovoid or oval capsule size 5.6 x 7.4 vàm and Cryptosporidium parvum, size 4.5 - 5 µm

. After staining feces with modified Ziehl - Neelsen, follicle eggs are red or pink with four overlapping.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLE PATIENT DISEASE DISEASE
Following ingestion or inhalation of follicular eggs, under the influence of molasses and bile salts, the larvae are released in the lumen of the intestine, invading the small intestinal epithelial cells, rapidly transforming into the active form and the phases of development other developments Although intracellular parasites, they grow just below the cytoplasm, in the villi of the cell. Sometimes biliary and lung invasive.



. In the cell, they develop according to the cycle of birth, gametes, and release of follicles. is excreted in faeces and is contagious. The cycle lasts from 48 hours to 10-14 days depending on the host, the incubation period in humans is from 5 to 21 days.
3. Epidemiological characteristics of intestinal parasitic diseases
Many factors determine epidemiological diseases due to Cryptosporidium
- First, although Cryptosporidium increases the population when exiting the host body, with low doses of infection, sources of infection with low parasite density, such as swimming water Infection is not related to the number of follicles swallowed, infection with the minimum number of follicles can lead to serious illness.
- Secondly, follicle eggs can survive long term in the external environment, resistant to disinfectants in water, including chlorine. Small size and resistant to chlorine, facilitate the spread of germs through water.
- Thirdly, follicular eggs can be infected as soon as they leave the host.



. Therefore, parasites can be transmitted directly from person to person.
- Fourth, some genotypes have important hosts in animals. Many animals can be infected with this parasite such as humans, cows, rabbits, sheep, goats, rabbits, mice, chicks, some fish, lizards.
Therefore, contact with animals is linked to the spread of disease Finally, the host immune response limits the duration and extent of pathogen infection. Therefore, the disease is often recorded in children and in immunocompromised individuals, especially AIDS patients.
4. READY ROUTINE DISEASES
Symptoms manifested after a latent period of about a week, varying from 1 to 30 days, this change partly reflects the difference in strains rather than more or less dose. Infection in both sexes alike. Age distribution varies significantly with epidemiological exposure.



. In developing countries, Cryptosporidium disease is common among children under 5 years of age, reflecting a high incidence of fecal-oral exposure in children and immune development in older children and adults. In contrast, in Finland, cases of illness have been reported in adults, reflecting the relevance of travel abroad Waterborne epidemics in developed countries are encountered at any age. Because Cryptosporidiu has a primary effect on intestinal mucosa, diarrhea is the most common symptom. Clinical manifestations are found mainly in normal individuals in developed countries, children in developing countries, and immunocompromised individuals, mainly in AIDS patients.
Normal individuals in developed countries
Most normal cases in developed countries have been linked to waterborne outbreaks, infection in tourists, contact with animals and children in kindergartens. The majority of patients in the outbreak and tourists are adults. Common manifestations are diarrhea, watery diarrhea, and sometimes mucus. Diarrhea lasts for 5 - 10 days. Common symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting and fever.



some cases with respiratory symptoms.
Diarrhea in children in developing countries
Common in countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America, Cryptosporidium causes diarrhea in children accounting for 5% - 10%, showing an acute diarrhea syndrome similar to other common intestinal diseases. , like watery diarrhea, cramps, and abdominal pain. Less common symptoms such as fever, shortness of breath, bad stools. Most resolve quickly, but about 45% of diarrhea lasts for more than 14 days. Therefore, Cryptosporidium is a common cause of prolonged diarrhea in developed countries, accounting for one third of cases.
Cryptosporidium and malnutrition
Cryptosporidium infection in young children, especially children under 1 year of age, makes the child not gain weight, even if the child is asymptomatic. Studies show that Cryptosporidium infection causes acute malnutrition and the long-term consequences are likely to worsen children's development
Cryptosporidium and HIV infection
The clinical manifestations of Cryptosporidium and HIV-infected patients are diverse. In patients with CD4> 150, most diseases go away on their own, similar to a normal individual.



. However, n2y cases are likely to recur, if the immune status is impaired. Some patients develop a prolonged diarrhea, stools, weight loss due to malabsorption, graves.

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