Is Microsporated Diseases In Microsporidia

"Microsporidia" is not a taxonomy, and is related to a microorganism of Microsporida, Microspora. Microsporidia's taxonomic terminology is complex and varied, with over 100 genera and nearly 1,000 species identified to date. Human pathogens belong to 6 genera. Enterocytozoon. Encephalitozoon (including Septata), Nosema, Pleistophora, Trachipleistophora and Vittaforma

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The disease is common in tropical countries, serological studies and clinical reports suggest that travelers and people living in the tropics are at greater risk of exposure to Microsporidia. Recently, the number of patients infected with microsporidia has been reported from tropical countries and developing countries.
1 MICROSPORIDIA CHRISTICS
Microsporidia have nuclei and cytoplasmic membranes, but no mitochondria, no moving structure like flagellum Microsporidia produce many highly resistant spores in the external environment and can survive in the environment for many years. The spore shape helps distinguish between different types.



. Most spores are oval or pear shaped. Some varieties create unique spores for its varieties. Spores have walls, including 3 layers.
* Outer layer constitutes protein.
* Wide middle layer, made of chitin
* The thin inner layer is also the plasma membrane
In the nucleus, ribosomes, some filaments are rolled up.
2. MICROSPORIDIA CHRISTMAS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Intracellular microsporidia. The development cycle consists of three stages: Stage 1, the infection stage, begins when the host swallows or inhales the spores.



. The spores are then transformed into a fibrous tube shaped like an antenna. Stage 2, the period of paralysis, increase the population. The parasite enters the intestinal cells, reproducing schizophrenia. Stage 3, the spore stage, the schizophrenia turn into the spore, then develop into an adult spore that accumulates at the nodal point of the infected cell, from which it can infect nearby host cells are spread in the environment through host waste, such as faeces, urine, and respiratory secretions
3. Epidemiological characteristics of parasitic epidemics
Microsporidia infections in humans occur everywhere in the world. This parasite is a significant cause of disease in patients with AIDS, immunosuppressed patients after organ transplantation, and in immunocompetent groups. The most common human infection is Enterocytozoo bieneusi. The overall prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been reported in select populations such as HIV-infected people whose diarrhea varies from 7% to 50%. Encephalitozoon infection (formerly Septata) intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi were also recorded with increasing frequency, while infection with other lesser varieties.



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Ways of transmission and risk factors for infection are unknown. The presence of microsporidia spores in urine, feces, duodenal secretion and respiratory secretions indicates the possibility of human-to-human spread Infection in the eye may be from the outside due to dirty hands touching the eyes. Infections in the urinary tract may be caused by sexual transmission. Water is also the main source of microsporidia infection. Human diseases can be animal diseases, the main source of infection is related to animals such as birds, dogs, pigs and rabbits.
4. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF MICROSPORIDIA CHRISTMAS
People with HIV often have prolonged diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss. Patients have 3 to 10 bowel movements each day, and the number of bowel movements varies from 1 to 20 times. Loose stool to watery hair, no blood, no leukocytes in the stool.




Diarrhea tends to increase and worsen with ingestion, usually occurring in the morning. Increased bowel movements, poor absorption of the gastrointestinal tract, weight loss associated with E. bienusi infection often cause prolonged health loss.
Other clinical manifestations of E. bieneusi include abdominal pain, vomiting, vomiting, fever. These symptoms are common at the same time in patients with biliary tract infections, typically cholangitis or cholecystitis. E. bieneusi is at least one of the causes in patients with AIDS related to sclerosing cholangitis, chronic non-gravel cholecystitis Persistent diarrhea in most patients with biliary tract infections. Right lower quadrant abdominal pain, rare jaundice.



. Imaging studies using cholangiography of the bile ducts or endoscopic cholangiography of the bile duct, often detecting dilatation of the bile duct in the liver and the common bile duct, uneven bile wall and abnormal gallbladder. Liver enzymes increase, but normal bilirubin.
E.bieneusi infection associated with diarrhea is seen in patients with liver transplantation, cardiopulmonary transplant or with unexplained decrease in CD4 count. In addition, E. cuniculi can invade the kidneys in patients with kidney or pancreas transplantation who have kidney failure, encephalitis and cardiomyopathy
Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection presents with diarrhea and biliary tract disease similar to E. bieneusi infection. Also Encephalitozoon intestinalis can spread infection, causing disease in the urinary tract. Pus is a common symptom, sometimes patients complain of difficulty urinating.



. Other manifestations include sinusitis, vi.

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