Pinworm Disease And Health Hazard

KIMUN DISEASE
Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm was first described by Linnaeus in 1758 and is the sole host. In 1983, Hugot isolated another pinworm species that parasitized on humans, Enterobius gregorii. However, some authors argue that this is only a development stage of E.vermicularis.
With a specific development cycle, pinworms have shown their own characteristics in terms of epidemiology, pathology as well as disease control, different from other types of intestinal parasitic worms

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1. THE FIGURE OF KIMUN
Adult pinworms
Pinworms are ivory-white, cylindrical, the head has three lips surrounding the mouth. The end of the esophagus is slightly dilated before enlarging into a round, bulbous mound, adjacent to the intestine
Image adult pinworm
The cuticle on both sides of the body thickens at the head to form two wings (alae), then gradually narrows into two ridges running along the length of the body and is the characteristic to identify adult pinworms on the tissue samples Cross sectional surgery.
The size of the female worm is about 8 - 13mm x 0.



.3 - 0.5mm, with a pointed and straight tail, accounting for nearly one third of the body length. Smaller male worms (2-5mm x 0.2mm), tail tapered toward the abdomen, containing a sexual intercourse.
Pinworm eggs
Pinworm eggs are oval, unilateral, about 50 - 60 xm x 20 - 30 µm, transparent shell, relatively thick, consisting of sticky outer layer of albumine, followed by two layers of chitine and a lipid film innermost
Pinworm egg picture
The outer layer has a mechanical protective function while the role of the lipid layer is to resist chemical agents
2. DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF KIM GIUN
Adult worms parasitize mainly in the cecum. However, in severe infections, they will invade adjacent parts such as the ileum, colon. Worms can roam freely in the stomach of the stomach to the anus or attach to the lining of the intestine with three lips.



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The development cycle of pinworms
Pinworm life is very short, only about 4-13 weeks for females, 2-7 weeks for males.
After intercourse, the male worms die immediately, the female worm moves gradually to the anus with a uterus filled with embryonic eggs. Eggs require oxygen to fully develop to the stage of infection.
So at night, the female worms swim to the edge of the anus to lay eggs and die after giving birth The average number of eggs released from a female worm is 11,000 eggs, which can vary from 4,000 to 17,000.
The albumin shell helps the egg to attach to the skin around the anus. Under the right temperature conditions (35-420C), after 4 - 8 hours, the embryo eggs will develop into eggs containing infected larvae.
Below 220C and above 460C eggs do not develop. Eggs from the edge of the anus or sticking on the hands of an infected person will spread around the patient's living space (beds, mats, blankets, floors, pajamas, toys, doorknobs, etc.) .



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In addition, pinworm eggs are very light, can follow the diffuse dust into the air in the room. With high humidity and room temperature, an infected egg can survive for 2-3 weeks outside the human body, but only for a few hours or days in dry conditions
Pollution of eggs in the environment around the host has created favorable conditions for pathogens to infect other members living with patients.
When a person swallows an infected egg, the larvae are released in the duodenum, molt twice into young worms, and then move down to the cecum to mature. The time from swallowing eggs containing larvae to adult worms laying eggs takes about 4 - 8 weeks.
The characteristic that eggs are laid at the edge of the anus and quickly become infectious leads to reinfection during the development of pinworms:
I) The habit of holding hands to create an opportunity to swallow eggs stuck on the hands of patients after scratching the anus; II) although rare, larvae may hatch around the anus and then crawl up the rectum, causing retroinfection.
3. Characteristics of pinworm disease
Characteristics in the development cycle show that the distribution of pinworm disease depends mainly on the issue of personal hygiene rather than geography and climate. Therefore, the disease is widespread, especially in crowded areas, cramped living conditions and poor sanitation.
However, in general, the prevalence of disease predominates in temperate countries rather than tropical countries.



Perhaps, in cold countries, people are less likely to change clothes and not to shower frequently to facilitate disease development and spread.
On the other hand, in tropical countries. Pinworm infection is less of a concern for research than other important helminths.
Worldwide, an estimated 200 million people are infected with vermicularic Enterobius each year. The prevalence rate in some Asian countries varies from 21% - 74%. In Vietnam, the disease ranges from 7% - 50%, in some places up to 80% - 100%. Surveys in Cu Chi district, Ho Chi Minh City in 2007-2009 recorded about 22.7% - 535% of preschoolers infected with pinworms.
Germs are everywhere in the living environment of the patient, so the spread is high, easily infecting members living with the host by holding hands, sucking eggs with toys, eating contaminated food, .



... or by inhaling eggs from ash dust.

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