Biological Characteristics Of Malaria Parasites
Under natural conditions there are five species of human parasites: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malairae, Plasmodium ovale and more recently Plasmodium knowlesi. Experimental infection of human malaria parasites can only be transmitted to animals, such as Aotus trivirgatus, provided the animal is spleened.
In animals, there are also malaria parasites specific to their species and not transmitted to other species. As in monkeys, there are Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium rhodhaini, Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium inui .
..When invading red blood cells, the malaria parasite also differs according to species. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale tend to infiltrate young erythrocytes, Plasmodium malariae is old erythrocytes, while Plasmodium falciparum does not distinguish the age of red cells to invade.
In addition, Plasmodium vivax does not penetrate the red blood cells of people with negative Duffy blood types (usually black Africans), while Plasmodium falciparum requires the reception points on the red blood membrane with glycophorin A structure. to invade
The time to infiltrate erythrocytes only lasts from 30 seconds to 1 minute Earlier the parasite (specifically, the merozoite fragments) came into contact with the red blood cell membrane, causing the red blood cell to sink deeper and deeper, creating a well through which the fragment slipped into the red blood cell, then the red blood cell will be sealed.
To develop the malaria parasite consumes hemoglobin of red blood cells and the waste of this digestion is haemxoin (also known as malaria pigment). Haemozoin is a combination of haematin and protein under the action of cysteine proteinase.
In addition, the parasite is like a mouth (cystotome).
. There is a synthesis of proteins from essential amino acids in plasma, infiltrated into red blood cells due to parasitic red blood cells increasing very high permeability.Lipids are also synthesized from human plasma components. Nucleic acids are synthesized partly by parasite bodies in red blood cells and partly by other metabolic pathways.
The viability of malaria parasites outside the human body depends on the viability of the red blood cells they parasitize Studies in the 1940s showed that parasites capable of surviving for at least 1 week in blood were stored in blood banks.
Subsequent studies showed that Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae can live up to 10 days in blood stored at 4◦C, especially when the anticoagulant contains dextrose.
The parasite can be kept alive for future study by storage at minus 70◦C in dry ice or at 196◦C in liquid nitrogen (can be kept for up to 10 years without losing its ability to live parasite).
Bass and Johns have been trying to grow in vitro parasites since 1912. In 1976, Trager and Jensen succeeded in cultivating in vitro parasites in Petri dishes placed in candle-jar.
The parasite is cultured in a culture medium with 3% - 4% CO2 and 16% O2 in human serum in the air.
. Later fresh red blood cells were used as RPMI 1640 medium. Thanks to the in vitro culture of parasites, resistant strains of malaria were detected as well as helping to evaluate the parasitic effect of the parasites New malaria drug.SAI GON KST SPECIALIST SURVICE
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