Candida Spp

Usually secondary to oral candidiasis and occurs primarily in HIV / AIDS patients. 15% - 20% of HIV-infected people show signs of esophagitis caused by Candida, especially C. albicans. Other subjects such as infants, frail old people, exhausted patients, cancer patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment .

.. also account for a significant proportion of this disease.
The patient may have the following manifestations: dysphagia, odynophagia, swallowing sensation, pain and burning behind the sternum Sometimes accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath Endoscopy of esophagus will see pseudomembrane clinging into thick layers on the background of inflamed mucosa, red. X-ray oesophageal contrast examination shows edematous mucosa folds or deep imperfections, many ulcerated, uneven sores.



. Complications of esophageal perforation, irregular mediastinum. Complications of esophageal perforation, mediastinum inflammation, esophageal stenosis may occur.
Gastritis - intestinal fungal disease after candidiasis
Usually occurs on the basis of gastro-intestinal ulcer, taking antibiotics for a long time, severe malnutrition, malignant blood disease. The lining of the stomach - intestines is inflamed. Gastrointestinal mucosa - inflammation leads to abdominal pain, diarrhea, boiling bowel Anal and perianal inflammation may occur and cause anal itching In immunocompromised patients, the symptoms are aggravated with more ulcers that appear immune, more severe manifestations with multiple ulcers present.
Fungal pneumonia after candidiasis
Candida secondary to pneumonia following thrush is common in infants or due to the spread of fungi into the lungs as in immunocompromised people. However, the disease may be primarily based on an existing lung disease such as bronchitis, chronic corticosteroids, and chronic corticosteroids, etc. , similar to localized or diffuse bacterial infection with prolonged mild fever, productive cough, chest pain.



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Fungal endocarditis after candidiasis
High-risk subjects of the disease include: valvular disease, heart valve replacement and long-term intravenous infusion. The most common agent is C.albicans. However, in the third-risk group, they were more likely to be infected with C tropicalis and parapsilosis. Within 2 months after cardiac surgery, symptoms similar to bacterial infection will appear: Prolonged fever, pericardial palms, congestive heart failure, splenomegaly, arterial embolism, and heart valve wounds. Progressive disease can cause myocarditis complications with the establishment of myocardial abscesses and non-specific ECG abnormalities.
Can spread
It is not a disease but a concomitant pathology of many organs due to the spread of fungi into the bloodstream and is often life-threatening, but life-threatening, especially in the acute form in the acute form. count. Prolonged fever that is unresponsive to antifungal medicine is often a suggestive sign, followed by the appearance of symptoms of damaged organs such as encephalitis - brain, endocarditis, endocarditis, kidney inflammation.



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3. DIAGNOSTIC
Fungal forms of superficial disease are usually easily diagnosed clinically However, the test is often easily diagnosed clinically. However, specimen testing should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and identify fungal pathogens. In addition, it helps diagnose non-typical lesions caused by patients who have previously applied corticosteroids. Deep fungi are more difficult to diagnose because the clinical manifestations are not specific and the results of microbiological and immunological tests are sometimes difficult to explain.
Diagnosis of fungi
Specimens vary according to clinical form.
Dermatitis: Scaly skin
Nail inflammation: Siphon from inflamed soft tissue and scrape off the nail powder below after removing a thin layer on the nail surface.
Stomosis, esophagitis: Dissection of the pseudomembranous fluid for testing.
Gastritis - intestinal: Stool test.




Respiratory infections: Dam or bronchial suction.
Disseminated: It is recommended to test many types of specimens at the same time when possible.
The specimen must be sent to the laboratory immediately after collection because after a while, the density of the fungus increases, even though it is stored in the refrigerator, making it difficult to interpret the results.
Direct observation
Wet wetting with 0.9% NaCl solution is made for liquid specimens (white blood, urine, bronchial lavage, etc.), with 10% KOH solution for solid, hard specimens (skin flakes, nail powder, latex ..).
In addition to these specimens, Giemsa may be stained.



. For biopsy tissue samples, Hematoxylin & Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff or Gomori will be dyed after treatment.
Microscopic examination reveals pseudobulbs and fungal mycelia cells.
Transplant
The specimens were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar - chloramphenicol medium, incubated at room temperature. After a few days, the fungus develops into a white, flabby yeast.
In case of diagnosis of sepsis, blood samples were enriched in BHI medium incubated at 370C before transplanting into SDA.
Immune diagnosis
Immunological methods are commonly used to diagnose visceral Candida infection and should be performed for all suspected cases
Because Candida is endogenous, certain antigens and antibodies always exist in the body, so a positive immune test.

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