Diseases Caused By Parasites And Toxins From Marine Animals Have Not Been Paid Attention

The parasite is located in the body of the fish that causes the disease
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from many diseases and parasites (parasites). Fish fight diseases by a very special and non-specific mechanism. The nonspecific mechanism is that the defense through the skin and scales of the fish, as well as the mucous secretion secreted on the epidermis, will prevent microorganisms and inhibit their growth. If the pathogens puncture this defense mechanism, the fish may develop an inflammatory response, increase blood flow to the infected sites and release white blood cells to destroy or kill the microorganisms.
Specific mechanisms are specific responses to individual pathogens when the fish recognize them through adaptive immunity

. In recent years, vaccines have become more and more widely used in agriculture and aquaculture and for decoration, such as vaccines for salmonella or koi virus. Some commercial fishes suffer from important diseases like VHS, which cause itching and whirling.
All fish carry pathogens and parasites, often affecting some of the treatment costs for the fish, if the cost is high, it should be considered as a disease However, the disease of fish does not have a full understanding, what we know about fish disease is related to fish raised in tanks, in ponds and recently farm fish
Infected parasites on fish are a common occurrence in the wild. The parasite can provide information about the ecology of its host population.



. In fish biology, for example, the parasite community can use it to distinguish different populations of the same species of fish living in an area. In addition, the parasite manifests itself in a series of specialized lines that can concentrate on local hosts. By understanding the special aspects of this parasite ecosystem, it will bring the right advantages, strategies to avoid the parasite pathologies that cause host and human disease.
However, not all parasites want to keep their hosts alive and there are some parasites with multi-phase cycles that will cause some of the annoying problems that have killed their hosts. For example, certain types of tapeworms cause some fish to act in such ways that birds see them as bait to make them easier to catch The decoy is the next host for the parasite in subsequent stages of the cycle. In particular, Schistocephalus solidus can usually get into the black-and-white sticklebacks and then cause them to float to the surface so they will splash water on the surface of the water, becoming easily visible and vulnerable. caught when the bird flew over. The parasites may be internal (endoparasites) or external (ectoparasites).



. Some parasites of internal parasitic fish are special, such as the nematode Philometra fasciati, which parasitizes in the ovary of the female stickleback fish; The adult female parasite is a red worm that can be up to 40 cm long, 1.6 mm in diameter and males are usually smaller.
Location of parasitic worms in fish body
Internal parasites are found living in the gills of the fish, including the adult flukes that have been cocooned, some nematode worms of the Huffmanela family, including the Huffmanela ossicola living in the gill bones and Paravortex cysts are flattened worms. Different protists and Myxosporea also parasitize the gills, where they are in cyst form
The gills are a suitable place for many parasites, stick to the gills but live outside the gills. The so-called parasite lives on the body (monogeneans), some groups of parasitic legs may have a lot. Other external parasites found on the gills are leeches and in the seawater, the larvae of the isopods gnathiid. Isopod fish parasites are mostly enlarged and suck blood.
The larvae of the Gnathiidae family and adult cymothoidids have sharp tools and have suction mouths and clawed legs that help them adapt to climbing on hosts. Cymothoa exigua is a parasite of many different marine fish.



. It can cause the tongue of the hypertrophy fish. Other parasitic disorders include Gyrodactylus salaris, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, cryptocaryon and velvet disease, Brooklynella hostilis, head holes, Glugea, Ceratomyxa shasta, Kudoa thyrsites, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, Cymothoa exigua, plates, tapeworms, lice and lice on salmon Although parasites are generally considered to be harmful, the elimination of these parasites is not necessary. The parasites account for more than half of life diversity; they perform important ecological roles that the ecosystem takes a long time to adapt, and the absence of parasites can lead to asexual reproduction, reducing the sexual dimorphic diversity. The parasites provide an opportunity for genetic material transformation between species..

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