Does Diseases Cause Hazards?

Parasitical Worms.com Dog roundworm disease infect humans through eating, skin and mucous membranes. The majority of patients have no symptoms, a few have itchy skin, allergic urticaria and have been diagnosed with toxocara spp infection through Elisa positive tests for toxocara and increased eosinophilia.
1. What is dog roundworm and dog disease, how is it spread?
Toxocara spp is a parasitic nematode in the small intestine of sick dogs and cats found in all countries of the world

. Adult female worms lay eggs, eggs in the feces of dogs or cats out in the open and develop into larvae. It is then transmitted to humans mainly through the small intestinal tract, possibly through the skin. In all cases of toxocara spp egg infection hatches in the intestine and the larvae burrow through the small intestinal wall through the bloodstream and move to other internal organs such as liver, lungs, heart, eyes, brain and other tissues
In humans predominantly infected with dog toxocariasis (T canis), the incidence of infection with cat toxocara ascarid is less, (T.Cati).



. When infected, toxocara spp often moves through the tissue and causes serious reactions at the places they pass, causing eosinophilia and granuloma formation or eosinophilic abscess. Related diseases are called visceral larvae (VLM) or eye-moving larvae in eye-related cases.
2. Symptoms:
Most patients have no symptoms and are diagnosed with toxocara spp infection through an Elisa positive test for toxocara and eosinophilia. There may also be some symptoms such as itching of the skin, enlargement of the liver, abdominal pain or discomfort and possible coughing and breathing difficulties related to the lungs
Figure 1 Toxocara canis ascarides
a b
Figure 2. Injury caused by dog roundworm (a)
The larvae move to the male genital organs (b)
3. Diagnosis:
The current diagnosis of VLM larval migratory larvae is a diagnostic serum Elisa assay that detects specific antibodies to the antigen secreted by toxocara. Serological tests can also differentiate VLM from other eosinophilic syndrome caused by other larvae, such as Fasciola spp, Paragonimus spp, Schistosomes, Ascaris spp, Trichinella spiralis, filariae, Ancylostoma spp, Strongyloides stercoralis , Gnathostoma spinigerum, Balyascaris procionis and Capillaria spp-induced, may have similar clinical and imaging symptoms.



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Abnormal findings on ultrasound often manifest as: enlarged liver, cystic liver damage, lymphadenitis, pericardial effusion. Granulomas in the liver appear as a cystic lesion, hypoechoic, small size, unclear boundaries, often oval, or trapezoid may appear in the center or close to the liver. Sometimes the lesions are located close to each other to form a wide area with echo characteristics or sound mix.
Figure 3
Figure 3 Ultrasound appearance of liver damage from Toxocara. A, small hypoechoic lesions are seen in the inferior lobe VII of the liver through both transverse and longitudinal sections.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Toxocara canis (larvae migrating organs) on ultrasound through the transverse section of the right flank of the right lobe in the 44-year-old patient, manifested many hypoechoic nodules (arrows) varied in size and shape close to the liver.
Figure 5
Figure 5. CT scan shows Toxocara lesion.



. Manifestations are an uneven bundle of abscesses adjacent to the liver
4. Treatment of toxocara
Depending on the antibody titer of 1/800; 1/1600; 1/3200; 1/6400, with or without clinical symptoms such as skin pruritus, urticaria associated with ultrasound findings or CT scans will be based on specific treatment for each patient.
The drug is used:
- Thiabendazole
- Dietylcarbamazine
- Albendazole and topical medicines, allergies, liver aids, improve body condition.
See information on treatment of dog roundworm infection here
5. Disease prevention
The disease is not spread from person to person so the main preventive measures are:
- Limit contact with dogs and cats, especially puppies such as kissing, holding, carrying ...
- Environmental sanitation does not let dogs and cats litter indiscriminately
- Eat cooked, drink boiled, do not eat raw vegetables
- Wash your hands with soap before eating
- Do not go barefoot.
Medical Group Anh Nga Parasitic Clinic
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