Epidemiological Characteristics Of Malaria Parasites
Parasitical Worms.com Vietnam is located in the subtropical and tropical region, from the parallel of latitude 8.30o North to the latitude 23.22o North and from the longitude 102.1o - 117o East longitude
The rainfall, the rainy season and the annual relative humidity are over 80%, which is favorable for the development and longevity of Anopheles spp. In 2010, the number of people living in the malaria-endemic region was 15,279,489 of the total population of 87,202,813 (accounting for 17
In 2010, there were 54,297 malaria patients, 210 cases of malaria and 21 deaths from malaria. The total number of parasites was 17,515 (accounting for 0.
.63% of the total number of slides and test strips, 32.2% of the total number of malaria patients), of which Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 72.8%, Plasmodium vivax 25.5%.Previously Plasmodium falciparum was distributed mainly in mountainous areas, Plasmodium vivax mainly in coastal plains, but now with the exchange and population movement, the distribution of this region is no longer clear
In addition, PCR technology has also detected Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi present in Vietnam.
Plasmodium falciparum in Vietnam has experienced multi-drug resistance and is the culprit of malignant cases leading to death if not intervened in time. In 2009, there appeared the phenomenon of prolonging Plasmodium falciparum cutting time in blood after taking artesunate in Binh Phuoc province.
.Therefore the current policy of the National Malaria Prevention Project is to use a combination regimen with artemisinin (also called ACT, artemisinin-based combination therapy) to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria without using artesunate alone. For Plasmodium viavax, it is still sensitive to chloroquin.
About the vector of malaria in Vietnam, 59 species of Anopheles spp were discovered. Of these, 15 species are the main vectors, suspected and suspected The main and secondary vectors in Vietnam are as follows:
Main vector:
- Nationwide mountainous areas: An. Minimus
- Mountainous region from 20 latitude north to south: An. dirus.
- Southern brackish coastal areas: An. epiroticus (old name An. sundaicus).
.Secondary vector:
- Mountainous areas nationwide: An. aconitus, An jeyporiensis, An. maculatus.
- Northern coastal region: An. subpictus, An. sinensis, An. vagus, An. indefinitus.
- Coastal areas in the South: An.
subpictus, An. sinensis, An. campestris.An. dirus is distributed mainly in mountainous areas (dense forests), present during the rainy season, highest in August, September and October. Prefers to live outside the house and suck human blood. Burning people into the dark.
An minimus mainly distributed in mountainous areas (along the forest with many streams). Presented before and after the rainy season, preferring to live indoors, recently there are some living outside.
. Burn people indoors at midnight.An. Epiroticus is distributed mainly in coastal plains (brackish water), present during the rainy season, highest in May, June and July. Prefer to live indoors, burn people around midnight later and daytime in the house.
An. Subpictus is distributed in coastal plains and islands (brackish water) Do not tolerate very high salinity, is present year round, the highest from the middle of the dry season to the middle of the rainy season (February to August). Burning both indoors and outdoors, with a high affinity for animal blood, works throughout the night but is highest between 18-21 hours.
For the disease receptor block (human), the phenomenon of mobile population, free migrants from malaria-endemic areas or malaria free circulation (Northern provinces, Southwestern provinces) comes areas where malaria is seriously circulated such as the Central Highlands and southeastern provinces to work on a seasonal basis or to exploit forests, forests, minerals, etc., create difficulties in supervision and intervention of preventive measures.
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