Freebies Amoeba And Dangerous Complications

Free amoeba is the type of amoeba present in the natural environment and when conditions penetrate the human body, will cause pathological conditions. Some cases have severe clinical manifestations.
Two important varieties of free amoeba cause disease in humans: Naegleria and Acanthamoeba.
In nature Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are available in water, soil and dirty air; In addition, they are also easily present in artificial environments such as cell culture (gram-negative bacterial infection). These parasites do not have animals but many animals may accidentally carry the parasite in the pharynx and intestines, thereby releasing pathogens into the environment

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There are several types of Naegleria: N. fowleri, N. aerobia, N, invadens, . N.



. foswleri is the pathogen.
In Acanthamoeba, there are more than 20 different types, including A. polyphaga, A. catellanii, A. culbertsoni, A, rhydoses, A healyi are the common types of meningitis - meningitis
1. FIGURE
Naegleria sp: Characterized by a three-stage cycle: the amoebactic activity, the whip active form and the cystic form In some conditions, especially when ionic concentration changes in the environment, the amoeba-like form will transform into a whip form. Or when the condition is unfavorable, the operating form will change into the following forms:
Can act as amoeba: 10 - 20 µm, with vacuoles, l2 causes disease.
Active form with flagellum: 8-15µm, oval, with 2-4 whips ahead, with vacuole, a round nucleus, large nucleus.



. Being able to live freely in the environment.
Cystic form: 7-14µm, single core, double walled, smooth outside.
Acanthamoeba sp: All varieties of Acanthamoeba have two stages: 15-45µm active form, pointed and short prosthetic limbs, a central nucleus, strong personality; and cystic form, 10-25µm, with star-shaped fringes.
2 epidemiological characteristics
The amoeba reproduce in muddy water, wet soil, present throughout the world. Countries have reported that the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, etc. Amoeba enters the body by bathing in rivers, swimming pools, through the nasal mucosa, through the sieve bone, meninges and into the brain.
Nargleria is common in dirty natural pools including artificial pools, which increase in the summer months when a large number of swimmers and picnics.
Acanthamoeba: Large presence in dirty soil, mineral water bottles, vases, ..



.. germ dirt, including contact lenses
3. READY
Naegleria
In normal immunocompetent individuals: Naegleria causes amoeba encephalitis, which is common in children and adolescents after bathing in unhygienic swimming pools. Patients suddenly have acute, severe headache on both sides of forehead, or temples, with fever, vomiting, vomiting and stiff neck. These symptoms quickly change, patients become drowsy, lose consciousness, coma and die within 48 - 72 hours. Complete cerebral blood flow and, in some cases, loss of taste or smell, cerebellar ataxia. Positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's marks. Fear of light, cranial nerve palsy (III, IV, and VI), edema and brain loss. Increased intracranial pressure.



arrhythmia, localized myocardial necrosis. Increased leukocytosis, including polymorphonuclear leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. The majority of deaths within 1 week after the onset of symptoms. The cause of death is often due to intracranial hypertension with cerebral retardation, leading to respiratory arrest, pulmonary circulation and pulmonary edema.
Acanthamoeba
Encephalitis - amebic meningitis, slow progression, death in immunocompromised individuals. Symptoms and neurological signs such as hemiplegia and cerebral flooding appear soon. Mental confusion, headache, and stiff neck are important symptoms. Paralysis of cranial nerves, mainly VI Vomiting, and drowsiness. Cerebellum ataxia, double vision, coma, can lead to death.



. Fever is mild and uneven. pneumonia has been found active and cysts in pulmonary fluid - alveoli, X-ray showing localized concentrated areas. Causes of death are usually acute bronchitis, liver or kidney failure and sepsis.
Secondary keratitis: Commonly found in people who wear unsanitary glasses, or behind the eyeballs, come into contact with contaminated water, eye drops with non-sterile homemade salts. Since 1/1996, there are an estimated more than 800 cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis in the world.
Ear infections, skin ulcers, myocarditis, pneumonia ..
4. DIAGNOSTIC
Encephalitis - primary meningitis due to Naegleria amoeba
Cerebrospinal fluid, pressure increase very high 30-60cm.



. Protein increases 100 - 1000 mg / 100ml. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are majority and have no germs.
Direct visualization of the cerebrospinal fluid may reveal a pattern of activity. Can stain Wright or Giemsa
The diagnostic serum is not valid because the patient died early 5-7 days.
From the brain design, you will see the active form in brain tissue.
Encephalitis - meningitis caused by Acanthamoeba: Mainly observed biopsy of brain tissue biopsy. Cerebrospinal fluid rarely finds amoeba.
Keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba
Direct observation of the scraping material from the cornea, thinning on the bar and staining Gram, Giemsa, or calcofluor blanc can show cystic and operable form.
Acanthamoeba cause disease in other places
Diagnosed by transplanting specimens.



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5. TREATMENT
Usually not good results due to the high resistance of ami

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