Is Heavy Dollar Diseased?

Parasitical Worms.com The dendritic worm has the scientific name of Gnathostoma spp. As an emerging parasitic disease, when infected with dendritic worms, patients may experience dangerous clinical syndromes such as:
larvae move to the brain causing brain abscess, lung infection causing lung abscess, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, skin and soft tissue causing itchy dermatitis and anxiety of the patient worsening the disease. Therefore, early testing and timely treatment are necessary to prevent dangerous complications.
Photos thorns worm
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. Epidemiology
1.The frequency of illness
Although the spinigerum Gnathostoma is known to be relatively high in Thailand, it is also found in many other countries in Southeast Asia. Some reports of this parasite in Japan, Australia, USA, Mexico Incidence appeared to be rarer in Asia in the 1960s, but now this number is interesting
2. morbidity and mortality
Dendritic disease can last for 10-12 years and can contribute to a significant incidence of the disease since the disease tends to be related to any part of the body.



. Accidental intrusion into the central nervous system is one of the main causes of death, leading to approximately 8-25% deaths from this disease or a 30% sequelae that are related to nerve system.
3. Race, sex, and age of illness
There is no racial or ethnic advantage;
There is no predominant gender predisposition but there are some occupational and diet related cases that are indirectly related to sex;
There is no preference for any age, except in the case of occupational or dietary factors.
II. REASON
Traveling to endemic areas: Southeast Asia, especially Thailand and Japan; Latin America, especially Mexico and Ecuador; Australia, the Middle East
Diet and occupation: Eat raw or undercooked freshwater fish (in Mexico, South America, Japanese sashimi, sum-fak in Thailand); Eel raw or uncooked;
Water contaminated with larvae
Map of areas infected with dendritic worms worldwide
Red is the area where the disease appears
III. DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
The main host of the Gnathostoma species includes dogs, cats, tigers, lions, leopards, ferrets, marsupials in Australia, raccoon. where adult worms live in a tumor mass of the stomach wall, the egg then opens a hole, leaves the tumor into the stomach wall and goes into the fluid and then exits the stool. About a week later, the eggs develop into larvae, which are swallowed by the first intermediate host (mollusks of the Cyclops variety).



. The larvae penetrate into the gastrointestinal tract of the crustaceans (the sting sword), move throughout the body cavity and mature into stages 2 and 3. The cephalopods are digested by intermediate hosts second or main host (fish, frogs, snakes, chickens, pigs), then they penetrate the stomach wall, move into muscles and form the larvae stage 3 before closing the cocoons.
When the flesh of these hosts is ingested, the larvae are cocooned in the stomach, penetrate the stomach wall and move to the liver, traveling in connective tissue and muscle. After 4 weeks, they return to the stomach wall to form tumors, where the adults become adult within 6-8 months 8-12 months later when ingested, eggs begin to be excreted in the feces of the host.
Growth cycle of dendritic worms
People become infected when they ingest stage 3 larvae embedded in raw vegetables or undercooked meat from major hosts or when they drink, work, swim in contaminated water of pre-contaminated larvae or shellfish . Cases of prenatal transmission can occur in humans, no larvae, but in humans the larvae do not return to the stomach wall and in rare cases can live in the body for 10-12 years. For this reason, worm eggs have never been or are rare (have not been reported in the literature) found in human feces.
Within 48 hours after ingestion, the larvae enter the wall of the stomach or small intestine, resulting in local symptoms and eosinophilia. They move to and from around the liver.



. Their movement and travel throughout the body begins 3-4 weeks to several years after infection. Typically, this stage can last for 1-2 weeks, over time, these symptoms and signs are increasingly rare but often shorter The disease may be caused by mechanical damage to the tissue due to the migration, reproduction and toxic effects of toxins similar to acetylcholine, hyaluronidase, protease andhemolysin as well as host response to parasitic infection.
IV. SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSTIC
Classically, dichotomiasis divides into the most common cutaneous form and visceral forms, depending on the position of the larvae and the symptoms. out later.
Thornworm larvae move under the skin
Another form of dendritic worm is rare but actually dangerous due to complications affecting the central nervous system. This form is often characterized by pain symptoms of radiculopathy, which can lead to paraplegia, sometimes with pains..

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