Is Isosporasis Spp Disease Hazardous?

DISEASES BY ISOSPORASIS SPP
1. ISOSPORASIS DISEASES
Cystoisosporiasis (formerly known as isosporiasis) is a human intestinal disease caused by the coccidian parasite Cystoisospora Belli (formerly known as Isospora Belli). Cystoisosporiasis is most common in the tropics and subtropics in the world.
Parasites can be spread by swallowing contaminated food or water. The most common symptom is diarrhea

. The infection is treatable and preventable.
New follicular eggs in the fresh feces, called young capsule eggs, have a long oval size: 25 - 33 xm x 12 - 16 µm (average 30 µm / 12 µm), colorless, transparent, peel refractive index, thin, one flare, the other end is more pointed, contains only a round cell, with fine particles, does not occupy all the space of the shell. The follicle within the stool for many hours, called the old follicle follicle, the follicle divides into two oocytes, each of which has a thick wall, refracts, and becomes two follicular spores Spores are oval, size 11 - 14 x 7 - 9 µm Each follicular spore has four sickle-like applicators, one at the tip and one at the round. Maybe the stick is in the middle, between the large, seeded worms, covered by a membrane.



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2. ISOSPORASIS DISEASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
People get infected by swallowing old follicles in water, contaminated with food, or dirty hands, before washing their hands. In the intestine, each follicle releases eight parasites, the parasites invade the intestinal mucosa cells, create asexual paralysis cycle, the larva transforms into the active form, dividing the nucleus and cytoplasm into feces paralysis, in which there are many coincidental fragments, when growth is sufficient, round, the form of schizophrenia breaks open, releasing coincidental fragments, some fragments infiltrate the new intestinal mucosa cells, continue the process of birth paralysis asexual, the cycle of birth and death for many generations; some of the same germ cells were transformed into male gametes and the female gametes gave birth to a sex gamete, the male gamete to male gametocyte, a gametocyte to a gamet, and a combination of zygote and zygote develop into follicular follicles, according to faeces, when new follicles are not infectious, it takes about 4 days for follicles to become infected follicles.
Cystic eggs can survive outside for months. Cyst eggs are resistant to common detergents in hospitals, persist for a long time in an external environment, especially in water, cysts are easily destroyed in environments with substances such as formol, aldehyde-based, dry temperature dry
3. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ISOSPORASIS
Isospora is mainly found in tropical and subtropical countries, such as South America, Africa and Southeast Asia. The disease is rare in normal individuals, common in individuals infected with HIV and other immunosuppressive diseases, immigrants from Latin America, day care centers, or mental institutions.
Isospora belli infection in AIDS patients in the United States was about 2% - 3% in the 1980s, then decreased below 0.



.1% 73 in the late 1990s, and can be widely used trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia. jirovecii. In contrast, in developing countries, Isospora belli infection is often one of the causes of diarrhea in children and prolonged diarrhea in AIDS patients accounts for 10% - 19%. Severe Isospora infection is also seen in patients with cancer and chronic renal failure
4. Clinical manifestations of ISOSPORASIS
In normal individuals, Isospora infection is not distinguishable from other non-inflammatory intestinal tract agents such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Escherichia coli. After the incubation period of about 1 week, the patient has diarrhea lasting about 2-3 weeks, characterized by fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal cramps, diarrhea with water but no blood.
Sometimes mild fever. Cysts may be released in the stool after a few weeks of recovery. Rarely, persistent or intermittent diarrhea occurs.



. In contrast, in immunocompromised individuals, especially AIDS patients, malignant patients, chemotherapy patients, infection may persist, severe diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, leading to an imbalance electrolytes and malabsorption, can lead to death.
There are cases of disease spread outside the intestines, some cases are more rare, atypical as cholangiitis without stones, arthritis Severe Isospora infection is seen in cancer and chronic renal failure.
5. DIAGNOSTIC ISOSPORASIS
Examining fresh feces for follicle eggs, or staining stool by modified acid-fast method, after collecting stool by floating or settling method.
The ultraviolet lamp automatic fluorescence method is a simple, fast, and simple diagnostic method, based on the detection of an automatic fluorescent blue capsule when using an ultraviolet filter of 330-380 nanometers.
Because Isospora follicles are excreted in faeces in small and irregular quantities, stool tests should be performed many times to avoid omission.
Examination of duodenal aspiration fluid or small intestinal biopsy is also useful in diagnosis.
Diagnosis of molecular biology is also of interest.
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TREATMENT ISOSPORASIS
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or Ciprofloxacin.

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