Is Small Laryngeal Disease Dangerous?

There are 3 species of small liver fluke: Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus. The distribution of these small liver fluke species is also very different; small liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis (C.sinensis).
The disease is common in China, Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Russia and some Southeast Asian countries such as the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia and Northern Vietnam.
The small liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (O

. viverrini) is common in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and the Philippines. The small liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus (O.felineus) is found in some Eastern European countries and the former Soviet Union
- For Vietnam since 1908 Mouzel, 1909 Mathis and Leger have found Csinensis. In 1924 Railiet discovered O.



.felineus in Hanoi. In 1965 Dang Van Ngu and Do Duong Thai encountered an case of O.felineus in collaboration with C. Sinin.
A- Opisthorchis viverrini
B- Opisthorchis felineus
C- Clonorchis sinensis
1 Shape
11. Flukes mature.
C.sinensis small liver fluke has leaf shape, flat body, light red color.



. Flukes 10-12mm long, 2-4mm wide, with two suction mouths, anterior suction mouth connected to the gastrointestinal tract with a diameter of 600 µm, rear suction mouth (mouth sucking mouth) with a diameter of 500µm. The digestive tract runs along the sides of the body and is a blocked tube, not connected together. Flukes do not have anus because the fluke's nutrition mainly penetrates the nutrients through its surface. Therefore, there are many nutritional glands on the flukes
On the flukes there are both male and female genitalia. Testicular branching, almost all behind the body. The ovary is about the middle of the body, the uterus runs zigzag, contains many eggs.
The picture of a small liver fluke parasite in the liver
1.2. Egg
The liver fluke eggs are very small, size 16-17µm x 26-30µm, oval, one pole with a cap shaped like a cap, a bigger bulge like a balloon with a small bottom and spines.



. Dark yellow eggs. The skin is thin, smooth and has a double border Inside the nucleus may have larval images.
2. Development cycle
2.1. Parasitic position
Flukes of the liver are parasitic in the small bile ducts in the liver. If abundant, the fluke can destroy liver parenchyma and parasitize the liver. Flukes by absorbing nutrients from bile.
2.



2. Evolution of the cycle
Flukes of the liver lay eggs in the bile ducts. Eggs follow the bile to the intestine and follow the stools. Eggs need a water environment to develop into hairy larvae. The water-free swimming larvae find parasites in some snails to develop into larvae (tail larvae) 21 to 30 days after entering the snails. Hairy larvae live in the intestine, liver, pancreas of snails. Types of snails that are suitable hosts for larvae include snails of the genus Bythinia, Bythinia snails have many types, mainly in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan. After that, the larvae leave the snails to freshwater fish to develop into larval follicles in the flesh of the fish, this is the stage of infection In Vietnam, common carp, perch, crucian, drift fish ..



.. can all be intermediate hosts of small liver fluke.
When humans or animals (cats, dogs ..) eat raw fish (raw fish salad) or undercooked fish, the larvae will follow the food into the intestinal tract after 15 hours, move to the bile duct to the liver and after 26 days will develop. adult flukes and pathogens
Small liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis can live 15-25 years in the human body.
3. Pathology
3.1.



. Pathological lesions
Flukes of the liver cause serious damage to the liver. Flukes cause frequent irritation to the liver, while occupying food and toxic. The parasitic position and size of the flukes are prone to occlusion.
Because the flukes usually adhere to the bile duct, use their mouths to suck food, the liver will gradually spread sclerosis at the door, the liver organ will be proliferated and may lead to liver fibrosis, ascites, regression Fats in the liver
Toxins secreted by tapeworm can cause allergic conditions, sometimes can cause anemia, eosinophilia.
Regarding pathological lesions, the liver is markedly enlarged. The weight of the liver can be up to 4kg. On the liver, there are bulging spots, the bulges are usually pale white and correspond to the expansion of the bile duct. If you cut the bulging points, you will see a gray-green fluid.
3.



.2. Symptom
Clinical manifestations of small liver fluke depend on the intensity of infection and the response of the host In rare cases, there are no special symptoms. In case of liver fluke infection with more than 100 children, the disease manifests itself through 2 stages:
The onset of illness usually begins with signs of gastrointestinal disorders such as anorexia, indigestion, dull pain in the liver, diarrhea or constipation. Attached can see the whole rash, rash.
The full-onset stage involves more pain in the liver, accompanied by anemia, jaundice and ascites, which may occur later. If there is a bacterial superinfection, the patient may have fever in episodes or a prolonged fever.
4. Diagnosis
4.1.



Clinical diagnosis
Nonspecific because it is easily confused with other biliary diseases.
4.2. Diagnostic tests
- Stool test for eggs by direct technique or egg collection. A stool test for flukes is a simple but confirmed method of getting the disease,
- In case of infection.

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