Is There A Danger Of Historiolytoma Leukemia?

Parasitical Worms.com Histoplasma is a binary fungus that causes disease in both immunocompromised and normal immunocompromised individuals. The fungus attacks the reticuloendothelial system and most cases originate from the first infection of the lungs.
The two causative agents for humans are H. capsulatum var

. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii with many differences in distribution, shape and pathology The disease is becoming more and more common among people living with HIV / AIDS
1. Epidemiological characteristics
Cases of H.



.capsulatum var. capsulatum is reported all over the world, from 450 north latitude to 300 south latitude. However, the disease is concentrated mainly in the eastern states of the US, these areas are considered endemic areas with 90% of the population tested positive for endodontic histoplasmin.
While in Europe, domestic infection is very rare, the majority are of alien origin. In Vietnam, prior to 1975, one case was reported on a normal immunological basis and 5% of the subjects surveyed in a baseline survey had a positive endodermic test After 1975 up to now, <10 cases have been diagnosed in AIDS patients Although the disease is widely distributed in many countries, many H.capsulatum continents var.capsulatum are limited in nature even in endemic areas. They grow in soils, which are infested with bird droppings and bat droppings.


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Therefore, the soil in and around the chicken bells, bat caves, buildings with birds, resident bats or areas with many bird nests, many species of birds ... contain lots of micro-mushrooms The mushroom spores follow the wind and spread in the air mixed with dust.
From the natural distribution characteristics, the infection of H.capsulatum var.capsulatum is often related to sex and occupation. Men are more infected than women. People who are involved in building, cleaning chicken coops, bird cages, or cave explorers are at high risk.



. In addition, the disease often occurs for people living in the countryside.
Fungi infect people through the respiratory tract but their ability to develop the disease depends on the number of spores inhaled and the immune function of the body Therefore, the disease rate increases when the AIDS epidemic occurs.
The fungus dies quickly after leaving the host's body and the disease is not spread from person to person. However, fungal spores from culture are easily released into the air, so many laboratory infections have been recorded.
2. SYMPTOMS
This is a disease of the endothelial system and any organ can be infected. After penetrating through the respiratory tract, the fungi will parasitize intracellular cells in histiocytes and macrophages.
Most cases only cause transient infections in the lungs and self-limited disease. Some cases of the disease progress to chronic or disseminated.



Some cases of the disease progress to chronic or spread throughout the body, even causing death, especially immunodeficiency. The disease caused by H.capsulatum var.capsulatum consists of 3 forms, proceeding as follows:
Acute primary-acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
When inhaled large quantities of fungal spores into the lungs, 1-3 weeks later, flu-like symptoms will appear: fever, chills or chills, headache, loss of appetite, muscle aches. Sometimes chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, is easily mistaken for pulmonary tuberculosis.
Arthritis, arthralgia, erythema nodosum may occur in 10% of patients. The results of chest X-ray showed scattered nodular infiltrates on one or both sides of lung parenchyma, umbilical lymph node enlargement.
After a few weeks, the clinical manifestations and X-rays disappear by themselves but the lesions in the lungs will calcify A small number of cases proceed to the primary stage with mediastinum blockage of blood vessels or bronchial airways. The disease can also become pervasive.



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In relapses, the symptoms are milder, less lasting. Observed thoracic film does not see enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes, but there are many interstitial inflammatory nodules, which will not calcify.
Can spread
From the lungs, fungal pathogens in the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels attack the mononuclear system (monocytes) in many organs causing the manifestations: high fever, chills, fatigue, exhaustion, loss of appetite. These symptoms appear to be acute, but if they persist for more than 3 weeks, they can be considered diffuse, especially in children and atopic sites.
In addition, there are other lesions such as lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly with decreased liver function, decreased three peripheral blood cell lines (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). Skin lesions and ulcerative sores also occur
Encephalitis - meningitis accounts for 10% - 25% of cases with increased protein, slightly increased cells, decreased glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid. In AIDS patients, the degree of injury is more severe and progresses to gastrointestinal bleeding, organ failure, multiple intravascular coagulation, eventually leading to death.
Can chronic pneumonia
This form of the disease progresses slowly, usually occurring in middle age with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The disease is manifested by fever, weight loss, fatigue, coughing for a prolonged period without responding to antibiotics.



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X-ray of the lungs shows an image of interstitial infiltration and gradually appears many caves.

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