Malaria Epidemiology Zones In Vietnam
In order to assess the spread of malaria in a locality and select appropriate preventive measures, malaria surveys need to be conducted. Malaria investigation covers the following:
Collecting environmental and epidemiological data: Incidence, mortality, statistics on population, climate, geography ...
Investigation related to humans: Examination of the spleen (splenomegaly index), blood for malaria parasites, immunological serology
Insect survey: Mosquito density, infected mosquitoes index, tropism, longevity of mosquitoes
Through investigation, it is possible to partition malaria with the following prevalence:
Malaria is mildly circulating: The index of splenomegaly in children 2-9 years old does not exceed 10%.
.Moderate malaria area: Spleen index in children 2-9 years old from 11% - 50%.
Severe malaria-endemic region: Spleen index in children 2-9 years of age is over 50%. The index of splenomegaly in adults is also high, over 25%.
Malaria circulation is very severe: The splenomegaly index in children 2-9 years old is over 75%, but the splenomegaly index in adults is low.
Another way to classify the prevalence of malaria parasites is based on the rate of malaria parasites in the blood in children 2-9 years old (<10%: mild, 11-50%: moderate, 51 -75%: heavy and> 75%: very heavy)
Stable malaria: malaria is spread at a high level and does not fluctuate for many years, people are immune, there is little risk of malaria outbreak
Unstable malaria: The spread of malaria varies from year to year, people with low immunity are at risk of malaria outbreaks.
Malaria epidemiological zoning and practice in Vietnam
In Vietnam, in order to effectively prevent malaria, it is necessary to partition malaria epidemiology and apply appropriate preventive measures for each region (called malaria epidemic zoning and practice). The commune / ward was selected as the smallest administrative unit for zoning.
The map of malaria zoning in 2003 and 2009 (Figure 7) shows a significant improvement in the situation of malaria in Vietnam after 6 years of applying malaria control measures based on the epidemic endemic areas.
. cold and practice.The purpose of zoning malaria epidemiology and practice is to understand the prevalence and epidemiological course of the disease, thereby making a plan of action according to the situation and the level of malaria circulating for each period. passages and each locality.
In addition, through the zoning, high-risk subjects will be identified to focus resources and improve the effectiveness of interventions Malaria epidemiological zoning and practice will produce five malaria-endemic areas: areas without malaria, areas where malaria is likely to return, areas with mild malaria prevalence, areas of medium malaria prevalence and fever areas severe cold circulation.
Indicators used for zoning malaria epidemiology and practice.
Geographical region (mountains, hills, highlands, plains, coastal areas ...)
- Habitat (dense forests, regenerated forests, industrial crops, rice fields .
..).- Height.
- Annual malaria patient index / 1,000 people.
- Percentage of Plasmodium falciparum (%) on total parasites.
- Malaria prevalence in children (survey of representative points)
- Presence of domestic and foreign malaria parasites within 5 years or earlier.
- Insect index: the presence of the main vector.
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