Pneumococcal Disease Caused By Parasitic Parasites Of Paracetisios

Pneumococcal disease caused by parasitic paratyphoid psyche
(P. CARINII)
Pneumocystis carinii is an atypical fungus that causes inflammation of the lungs in both adults and children.
Pneumocystis was discovered by Chagas in 1909, at this time the author mistook this agent as trypanosome. Years later, Delanoes identified Pneumocystis as a separate species and species, honorably named after Dr. Pneumocystis was first noticed in the medical community when it was linked to the cause of interstitial pneumonia in children in central and Eastern Europe after World War II

. In the 1960s, Pneumocystis was clearly an important cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals; however, with the development of safe and effective antibiotics, this pathogen was forgotten. The dramatic increase in the incidence of this disease associated with HIV infection in the 1980s rekindled the concern of the causative agent of Pneumocystis as an important health and public health issue. Throughout the 1990s, advances in HIV treatment reduced the incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia and other complications However, Pneumocystis remains an opportunistic infectious agent, causing severe illness and death among PIDs
Causing human disease is Pneumocystis carinii, also known as Pneumocystis jiroveci, a long-standing case of typical interstitial pneumonia in preterm and malnourished children. Recently, it is known that agents of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, especially in HIV-infected individuals.



. The taxonomy of P.carinii / jiroveci is controversial, comparing RNA-coded gene sequences and one of the proteins showing that the parasite belongs to the fungus.
1. PHYSICAL AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI
Pneumocystis carinii / jiroveci has 3 different shapes depending on each stage of the development cycle:
Active form: Size 1 - 2 µm, cytoplasm green, nucleus purple when stained May Grundwald Giemsa (MGG).
Cystic form: Size about 5 µm, egg-shaped, thick wall, ring
Follicle form: Diameter 3 - 5 µm, inside contains 8 parasites, later it will develop into active form, staining MGG
Shape and development cycle of Pneumocystis carinii
2. Epidemiological characteristics of PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI
Investigations and serology show that P. carinii / jiroveci is distributed all over the world, and exposure to this pathogen occurs very early in life. The HIV pandemic has transformed P.



. carinii / jiroveci pneumonia, from a rare disease to a public health and public health concern. Carinii / jiroveci pneumonia is a fairly common disease among AIDS patients in the US i73. Canada and Western Europe. The widespread use of chemotherapy and highly effective antiretroviral therapies has reduced the incidence of new disease of Pcarinii / jiroveci pneumonia, although this parasite remains an opportunistic pathogen in c1. HIV infection and AIDS patients.
In contrast to industrialized countries, P.carinii / jiroveci is an uncommon cause of opportunistic disease in AIDS patients in tropical and developing countries, whereas in these countries, TB is a problem. Topic of interest. Most causes of pneumonia in Africa are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacteria, while P.



. carinii accounts for less than 10%.
Risk factors for P carinii / jiroveci infection include premature babies, malnourished children, primary immune deficiencies, especially those associated with severe immunosuppression, HIV infection, cancer, Organ transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy or cytotoxicity.
Studies in HIV-infected individuals show a significant risk of causing P.carinii pneumonia when the CD4 cell count falls below 200 / µL. Corticosteroids are immunosuppressants commonly used and are a favorable factor in P.carinii / jiroveci pneumonia in HIV-free patients. Symptoms begin after the dose of steroids is gradually reduced.
P.carinii / jiroveci infection through the respiratory tract, incubation period of 4 - 8 weeks.



In general, understanding of this parasite in humans is still limited.
3. READY OF PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI
There are many cases of asymptomatic parasite infections, parasites without high virulence.
Clinical manifestations are usually silent in the majority of cases, sometimes abruptly with triad: depressive breathing, dry cough, fever. The disease progresses on a ladder, with acute respiratory distress. It is worth noting that there is a contrast between the severity of respiratory function and the poor clinical presentation of the disease.
Early chest X-ray revealed fine particles at the top of the lungs, while at the base of the lungs were emphysema. The process appears grid and then the image is opaque uniformly
In HIV-infected individuals, clinical manifestations often have long foreshadowing periods, with latent, unrecognizable clinical manifestations. Individuals with immunosuppression due to other causes, the disease occurs 1-2 weeks before the patient has obvious symptoms.



. However, the clinical picture varies from case to case. Extra lung disease is seen in patients with AIDS. Non-pulmonary organs g.

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