Signs For Knowledge And Treatment Of Two Disease

Parasitical Worms.com Gnathostoma spp (Gnathostomiasis) is a parasite of dogs, Felides and many other mammals.
About 12 species of Gnathostoma were identified, of which G.vietnamicum species was L.V

. Draw isolated in 1964 from the otter's kidneys. The main cause of human disease is G.spinigerum, only a few cases of infection with G hispidum, Gdoloresi, G.nipponicum have been recorded in Japan and China.



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They are distinguished by the number and shape of small spines surrounding the head and body (incorrectly referred to as Gnathostoma spp as dendritic worms because Gnathostoma spp belongs to the Nermatode branch, while the dendritic worm covers species of the Acanthocephala branch) ).
On the main host, Gnathostoma spp. Forms tumors in the wall of the stomach. When infiltrated by humans through the food, the parasite causes visceral larvae syndrome (Visceral Larva Migrans, VLM) and other clinical skin forms. Cutaneous larva migration (CLM) usually results from G hipidum
1. Gnathostoma spp
Worms mature
Gnathostoma spp. reddish brown, rust-colored, slightly curved body, about 1.2-3.



.3cm long, females longer than males. The head bulges into a circular arch, with eight small spines like rose-like spikes, arranged in concentric caves around the head. The mouth has two large lips, connected to the esophagus. The lower part of the head is narrowed, forming the neck The anterior half of the body also has many small spines, the back half is smooth. The tail is carried towards the belly.
Image of adult spiny nematode
Phase 3 larvae
The larvae are about 3-4 mm long, with similar physical structures to adults but only 4 rows of circled spines, smaller than those of adults and pristine genitalia.
2. The development cycle of dendritic worm
Gnathostoma spp. Has a wide specificity in the host and must undergo intermediate hosts in the development cycle.



. G.spinigerumbao's main permanent hosts include dogs and cats The intermediate host I (KCTG I) is a Cyclop club. Intermediate hosts II and waiting hosts are crustaceans, freshwater fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, chickens and some other mammals.
Adult worms parasitize the host's stomach permanently, forming cysts and laying eggs. Eggs are excreted in faeces. Meet the water environment with the appropriate temperature (about 270C), the eggs continue to grow, after 1-2 weeks will hatch and release larvae 1. The larvae swim wandering until being swallowed by Cyclop (KCTG I) . within 7-10 days, they molt into larvae 2, sometimes turning to the first stage of larvae 3, not infectious.
In order to become contagious, these larvae must develop further in the body of KCTG II.



When KCTG II species eat Cyclop, the parasite enters the body, existing in the form of cysts containing infected 3 larvae.
In case of KCTG II being eaten by a species KCTG II (such as large fish swallowing small fish, snakes eat frogs, birds eat fish ...), 3 infectious larvae are released, moved to the tissue to create new follicles, but No more advanced, retaining the structure of this stage, so KCTG II is called paratenic host.
Permanent host infection occurs because they eat KCTG II or wait for the host to contain the pathogen. Larvae 3 will escape the cyst, through the stomach wall, duodenum into the abdominal cavity, to the liver, muscles and connective tissue to grow. The migration lasts for about 4 weeks
After that, they return to invade the stomach or small intestine wall to form tumors and mature after 6-8 months. A development cycle of Gnathostoma spp requires about 1 year to complete.



. Experimental Gnathostoma spp can invade the host permanently by drinking water containing Cyclop.
People are just accidental hosts, infected by eating raw foods, reprocessing from KCTG II or waiting for the host, especially species of snakehead species (Channa spp.). On the human body, after penetrating the intestinal wall, 3 Gnathostoma spp wanders everywhere but development stops at the larval stage or young worms, rarely reaching adulthood, even if adult, still cannot reproduce.
Growth cycle of dendritic worms
3. Epidemiological characteristics of dendritic worms
Gnathostoma spp is a common disease in tropical and temperate countries, especially in Asia such as Thailand, Japan, Laos, Cambodia, China, Malaysia, India, Vietnam and South Korea In addition, numerous cases have been found in Mexico Ecuador, Latin America.
Claims in Australia, the United States, and the Middle East only occur on immigrants or travelers from endemic areas. Most records are for case reporting only, there is no assessment of the frequency of specific illnesses.
In southern Vietnam, the disease occurs sporadically, an average of <10 diseases per year.


. However, several investigations in dogs (permanent host of Gnathostoma spp.) In the southern region, have detected about 4.12% of dogs carrying this parasite in the stomach; concentrated in the provinces of Dong Thap, Ca Mau, Binh Duong, Tay Ninh, Long An .. In the city.

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