Strongyloides Strongyloidiasis Identification Sign

Parasitical Worms.com Strongyloidiasis was discovered by Louis Normand in 1876 causing digestive disorders, especially diarrhea. The first cases were encountered in French soldiers in Indochina. After many name changes, from 1911 until now the pathogen has been uniformly named Strongyloides stercoralis.
There are 52 different species of strongyloidiasis, but only two species that cause disease in humans are Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides fuelleborni

. S. Fuelleborni is rare in humans and more common in monkeys. Although discovered for a long time, but until now many problems of strongyloidiasis have not been clarified
1 Strongyloides Strongyloid form
Strongyloides parasitic stercoralis
Female worms are tubular, very small, length 2 -2.8mm, horizontally about 37 - 40 µm, transparent.



. The mouth has two lips, the esophagus is about 1/4 of the length of the whole body. The genitourinary system of Strongyloides stercoralis consists of the uterus and ovaries lying symmetrically through the genital opening in the middle of the worm body. Female worms live in the layer under the mucous membrane of the human digestive tract.
No parasitic male worms have been found. Some hypotheses that there are still parasitic males but very small can not be found However, the majority still favor the idea that no males live parasitically Adult children will be virgin. (Fertility, also called procreation, is a form of reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual)
Strongyloides stercoralis lives freely
Female worms are about µ - 1.5mm long, 50-80 µm wide, and the esophagus is bulging.
Free-living male worms are shorter than females, J-shaped, about 0.



.7mm long, about 50 ngangm across, curved tails with two genital spines.
Strongyloides stercoralis eel eggs
Strongyloides stercoralis egg (parasitic) oval, about 54 x 32 µm, thin, transparent shell, like hookworm eggs but with larvae available
The eggs laid by females that live freely will have a larger size, 70 x 45 µm, the shell is just a thin film, can change shape from round to oval as the larvae move inside the egg.
Image of two types of strongyloid larvae
Larvae stage I (rhabditiform - larvae with distended esophagus): Hatched from eggs, about 200 - 250 x 16 - 20 µm, short mouth sinuses, pointed tail, esophagus with tight waist, should be bulge.
Stage 2 larvae (filariform - larvae with tubular esophagus): Developed from stage I Larvae vary in size from 400 to 700 µm, across 12-20 µm, and the esophagus has a long tubular shape from 40% - 45% of body length. Tail tail or forked at the end like a swallow.
2. Strongyloides strongyloidiasis development cycle
People who are exposed to faecal-contaminated soil have their larvae
Stage 2 (filariform) live freely from the skin. The larvae travel through the bloodstream and travel to the lungs through the circulation. In the lungs, the parasite breaks down the pulmonary capillaries and enters the alveoli, then they move to the bronchi, trachea, into the pharynx, esophagus and are swallowed into the digestive tract, developing into adult female worms.



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Adult female worms live parasitically, parasitizing the intestinal mucosa, laying eggs Eggs hatch into stage I larvae in the intestinal mucosa, excreting in the stool. Stage 1 larvae develop into stage 2 larvae, penetrating the skin upon contact with the soil, similar to hookworms (direct cycle).
Larvae 2 can switch to an indirect cycle (free life), molting four times to males and adult females living freely. Adults mate and create generations of descendants to the next parasitic life similar to the direct cycle.
Favorable conditions within the host and disadvantages outside the host easily for the direct cycle; unfavorable conditions inside the host and favorable outside the host easily for the next cycle.
A feature of Strongyloides stercoralis is that a small part of stage 1 larvae molts in the small intestine into stage 2 larvae. Stage 2 larvae penetrate the wall of the large intestine or perianal skin, completing the lateral cycle. in the human body, developing into males and females maturing in the small intestine.




This is a self-infecting cycle, this cycle occurs regularly and continuously, making the host body always have circulating larvae, lasting for months, years, although the host is not re-infected. This autoimmune cycle is responsible for many complex medical problems. This cycle predominates in immunocompromised individuals such as corticoids abuse, HIV infection, HTLV-1, leukemia, organ transplantation.
In addition to the normal way, they can follow the bloodstream to penetrate various organs in the body. Depending on the parasite position of the larvae in the body, patients will have different clinical manifestations in their respective organs. In these cases, the larvae are rarely detected in the stool, so the diagnosis must be based on immunological serology.
3. Epidemiological characteristics of Strongyloides strongyloidiasis
Sturchler in 1981 divided the situation of strongyloidiasis into three areas: mild endemic area when the prevalence is <1%, endemic area from 1% - 5% and severe endemic area> 5%.

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