Toxoplasma Gondii Cat Parasite Infection During Pregnancy

What is Toxoplasma (Cat parasite)?
An intracellular parasite, usually in a single cell, a large cell can contain up to 40 parasites. The round or oval shape or crescent is 5-15 μm long, 3 - 4 μm horizontal. Giemsa staining usually shows one nucleus, sometimes two nucleus in oval form at the division stage and protoplasm. Toxoplasma slipping motion.
The main host of Toxoplasma is the cat, Toxoplasma in the intestinal parasite, asexual and sexual reproduction, in humans and other animals only reproduce asexually and ectoparasites

. Toxoplasmosis is spread to people by saliva, animal secretions that are spread by humans or by eating or drinking or can be transmitted by blood or ticks from a laboratory.
Toxoplasma Gondii parasites enter the human body primarily through the digestive tract when ingested foods such as undercooked cats and dogs and they cause disease in most organs, but most are In the brain, the muscular system (including the heart muscle)
Symptoms of infection of Toxoplasma
After entering the body, the incubation period can be from 1 to 2 weeks. The body may have flu-like symptoms such as aches and pains, tiredness, loss of appetite, low fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes .
The disease will be difficult to develop in healthy people because each body has a protective barrier.



. However, for people who have low resistance and are in pregnancy, the cat parasite will attack hard, causing damage in the nervous system, muscles, eyes and heart ...
Dangers to the fetus
In European countries, the rate of children positive for the immune response to Toxoplasma is 13%, in adults is 30%. In Vietnam, this reaction is 2 9 - 51%, in women who have never had a miscarriage disease is 2.5% and women with miscarriage is 8.9% positive.
Toxoplasma causes encephalitis, retinitis eye, lymphadenitis, miscarriage, congenital Toxoplasma, fetal deformity.



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In other cases, children will not have a clear appearance at birth, they will only develop the disease when they reach adolescence. It can also be a risk of hearing loss, mental retardation, serious eye infections that can lead to blindness.
How to identify infection?
Depending on many factors, whether or not a pregnant woman is infected with the Toxoplasma Gondii parasite can still affect the fetus, so you shouldn't be overly concerned. It is best to check your health by visiting a specialist for blood tests and knowing the exact
If the test is positive, you are infected. At this time, you need to immediately inform your doctor to monitor your health during pregnancy for instructions on how to minimize the risk of harm to the unborn baby.
Preventive measures
Until now, medicine has not found a vaccine to protect the toxoplasma gondii parasite. So the advice for you is still the following precautions:
Food is always cooked to ensure killing parasites
Foods that have to be cooked thoroughly are one of the most effective preventive measures to help pregnant mothers prevent the risk of many diseases such as foodborne bacteria such as Listeria, typical bacteria causing diarrhea. like Ecoli and most importantly the parasite Toxoplasma Gondii. Besides, pregnant women need to remember to boil drinking water to avoid being infected.



. Absolutely do not eat foods such as seafood, pork, venison processed by methods such as re-hot, dip hot pot, blood pudding, sushi ..
Clean hands and feet
Before eating or preparing food or after going to the toilet, gardening, or taking care of pets, you need to wash your hands thoroughly to prevent the risk of infection. In addition, you can use gloves when working or cleaning your home and garden.
Limit contact with pets and pets
Since this is the main host for parasites, after you come into contact with dogs, cats, or birds, you should wash your hands thoroughly. In addition, you should also have regular pet exams for pets at veterinary care centers to prevent infected pets. Absolutely not to adopt animals of unknown origin.
How to treat Toxoplasma Gondii?
With brain damage caused by Toxoplasma Gondii, specialists will give painkillers such as paracetamol, diclofenac. Anticonvulsants with diazepam, lorazepam or anti-cerebral edema with corticoides and treatment with specific drugs that kill pyrimethamine, clindamycin.




If the mother is infected but not passed to her baby, the doctor will give spiramycin. In special cases if both the mother and the fetus are both severely infected with the Toxoplasma Gondii parasite, pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine treatment will be considered by the doctor because they have many side effects such as antacid folic and B vitamins ...
Ds. Nguyen Thi Thuy.

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