What Are The Common Manifestations Of Malaria?

Parasitical Worms.com The clinical symptoms of malaria are caused by blood clones. The gametocytes only parasitize in red blood cells and wait for the opportunity to be absorbed by Anopheles mosquitoes to continue growing in the mosquitoes, giving germs to infect other healthy people.
As the parasite develops in red blood cells, malaria pigment waste (haemozoin) and other toxic substances (such as glucose phosphate isomerase) accumulate. When schizophrenia breaks down, these substances enter the bloodstream and stimulate the macrophages and other cells to release cytokines and other soluble elements that cause fever and cold

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Plasmodium malariae with a 72-hour malaria cycle
Malaria is cyclical with the time it takes to complete a cycle in the pharynx of the parasite. So Plasmodium malariae with red blood cell cycle of 72 hours will cause malaria 2 days (1 day has malaria, 2 days later, there is malaria in the fourth day)
What is the cycle of Plasmodium vivax malaria?
Because Plasmodium vivax has a red blood cell cycle of 48 hours, there will be malaria every other day: (one day has malaria, the next day has no malaria, and the third day has malaria)
What is the cycle of Plasmodium falciparum malaria?
Although Plasmodium falciparum has a red blood cell cycle of 48 hours, it has been verified through in vitro culture (some authors say it is 36 - 48 hours), but in fact, it often causes daily malaria; The reason is that in case of Plasmodium falciparum infection, there will be many "parasites" of parasites and thus will develop asynchronously in erythrocytes.
In clinical practice, the cycle of malaria is only pronounced once the disease has been onset for days, then the development of parasites in the blood is synchronized and only shows the cycle of the attack.



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For Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite's late stages of development (old, schizophrenia) rarely occur in peripheral blood, but are usually concentrated in visceral blood (also called sequestration).
At the same time, due to the presence of knobs on the surface of the red blood cells that are parasitic, it makes the parasitic red cells easily stick together (aggregation, rosetting) or stick to the walls of blood vessels ( cytoadherane) obstructs the blood circulation.
If it occurs in cerebral vessels, it will cause malignant brain malaria with coma. In pregnant women during the first 3 months, adhesion also occurs at the placenta (the parasite attaches to chondroitin sulfate A - CSA present in the placenta) damaging the fetus (death, miscarriage, weight when low birth .).
Why do malaria parasites cause severe anemia?
The malaria parasite also causes severe anemia, especially in children and pregnant women. The reason is not only because the red blood cells are broken by the parasite, but also because the macrophages not only "clean" the parasitic red blood cells but the macrophages and destroy other normal red blood cells, or operate.



. of bone marrow disorder and inhibition leading to anemia.
The spleen is also congested due to parasitic erythrocytes concentrated in capillaries, which gradually leads to the phenomenon of splenomegaly due to malaria. In the case of Plasmodium vivax infection, the spleen may swell quickly and may break.
In the case of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, there may be hemorrhagic spots and even tubular necrosis leading to renal failure, or due to hemoglobin concentration in the renal tubules that causes hemolytic hyperemia, especially when treated with quinine
Chronic Plasmodium malariae infection can cause nephrotic syndrome due to the accumulation of immune complexes and autoimmune processes against the glomerular basement membrane.
Congenital malaria can also occur rarely. The cause is unknown but it may be due to the damage of the placenta.
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