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Parasitical Worms.com Diagnostic tests to identify the environment of ringworm infection need to be done when treating patients. This is important because:) the duration of treatment; ii) high treatment costs; iii) Side effects of the drug after prolonged use. Therefore, treatment in the absence of disease will bring patients more costly and annoying.
The observation of mycelia and spores on wet specimens is sufficient to diagnose dermatophyte fungal infections but does not allow the identification of the causative agent except in case of fungal hair

. While identifying the source of infection is of epidemiological significance and supports the selection of an appropriate treatment regimen. Therefore, direct testing and inoculation of specimens should be conducted simultaneously in all cases.
Get the specimen
Of the specimens collected from suspected lesions caused by ringworm infection, about 50% of the samples were not found Therefore, it is necessary to ensure proper principles and techniques of specimen collection so that the test results can be accurate.
Rule
Patients should not take antifungal drugs within 7 - 10 days before taking samples for testing.



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Collect specimens from many different lesions and in different locations on the same lesion because the fungus is unevenly distributed on the lesions.
Fungus image
Collecting technique
Disinfect the affected area with 70% alcohol before removing the specimen to remove the debris, germs and pharmaceutical chemicals applied by the patient.
Collected specimens must be stored in dry condition to avoid the growth of germs and mold.
The type of specimen will vary depending on the clinical form.
Hair, cheek fungus: Pluck hairs of the beard, hairs are bent, lost shine, broken or fluorescent under the Wood light Direct observation of the hairs, diseased hair can identify a group of parasitic species of fungi, but to accurately identify the fungi requires identification implants
Fungal dermatitis: High skin scabs on the outside of the lesion with blue slides or scalpels are no longer sharp.
Onychomycosis: Specimens should be collected on discolored or dystrophy nails. For the distant fungal nail form, cut off the far edge of the nail and take in as much as possible, at the same time collecting additional layers of underside horn under the nail. In case of near-shore fungus, use a small drill or scalpel to remove the underlying nail.



. Nail powder is collected on the nail surface in the form of white fungus.
Direct observation
Wet the specimen with 10% or 20% KOH solution and observe under a microscope to detect fungus.
Skin or nail specimen
Observations with objectives x 10 or x 40 will show on the skin epidermal cells or nails appear slender, branched, fungal hyphae and multiple spores. The test may be repeated several times when negative or clinically free of fungal pathogens
Specimens are beard, hair
Hair follicles get parasitic fungi in the following five types depending on the causative agent
Internal play classic style.
Internal concave style.
Broadcast - internal style microsporique
External distribution - internal trichophytique.
In the diagnosis of skin-borne fungal diseases, implantation is a more reliable method than direct observation because it allows the identification of pathogenic microorganisms, thus providing information about the source of the infection and knowledge of the source. will greatly assist in treatment.
Dermatological fungi have good resistance to some common antibacterial antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, gentamycine, penicillin, streptomycin .



.. and with antifungal antibiotic cycloheximid (actidione), so when culturing specimens to isolate skin fungi, These antibiotics need to be mixed in culture to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungal infection from the external environment.
However, it should be noted that some molds (Scytalidium, Scopulariopsis, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, Acremonium, Fusarium, etc.) may be the agents of nail inflammation and clinically difficult to distinguish from skin fungus infections. Therefore, it is advisable to inform the laboratory of suspected mold infections for inoculation on two media with and without cycloheximide.
The isolation of fungal pathogens started with Sabouraud chloramphenicol cycloheximide media incubated at room temperature.
Each specimen should be inoculated into two medium tubes. After 2–3 weeks, sometimes 1–1.5 months, the fungus develops into a cyst.



General observations of fungi and fungi will allow identification of fungi. In some cases, additional biological tests may be required to determine it more accurately
Inoculation of rice medium to distinguish M.canis from M.audouinii.
Use hair penetrationtest, urea, sweet potato agar medium to distinguish T.mentagrophytes and T.rubrum.
Inoculate Trichophyton medium 1 - 7 to identify Tconcentricum, T.tonsurans.



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Distinguish the superficial varieties of fungi.
Dermatobacteria is a filamentous mycelium made of thin, baffled hyphae. In addition, some species with special structures such as racket-shaped mycelium, comb-shaped, deer-shaped mycelia, etc. are important characteristics for identification. Most of them produce attached spores (microconidi.

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