Amniotic Fluid And Fetal Development

Amniotic fluid has many important functions in protecting and maintaining the development of the fetus while still in the womb. However, if the amount of amniotic fluid inside the uterus is too little or too much, it will cause bad complications that directly affect the fetus.
What is amniotic fluid?
Amniotic fluid is a clear, clear liquid that appears on day 12 after conception. When the fetus is still in the womb, the baby is in the amniotic sac - that is, a bag made up of amniotic fluid and chorion. The fetus grows and develops in amniotic sac and is surrounded by amniotic fluid

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Amniotic fluid contains important components such as nutrients, hormones, antibodies against infections. At the highest level, the amniotic fluid in the mother's abdomen measures about 1 liter. After 36 weeks of pregnancy, amniotic fluid begins to decline as the body prepares for labor
When the doctor performs an prenatal ultrasound, they will estimate the amount of amniotic fluid that the baby is surrounded.



This liquid will start to leak at some point. However, if too much fluid leaks out, it can cause amniotic sac rupture.
Sometimes it is difficult to know whether the leaking liquid is amniotic fluid or not, so it is necessary to rely on the symptoms needed for a more accurate judgment.
Amniotic fluid contains important components such as nutrients, hormones, antibodies against infections
Function of amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid plays an important role in fetal development. Accordingly, amniotic fluid is responsible for:
Protecting the fetus: The buffer fluid helps keep the baby away from external pressure, acting as a shock absorber to protect and protect the baby.
Temperature control: Insulation fluid, which helps to keep warm and maintain a constant temperature for the fetus.
Infection control: Amniotic fluid contains antibodies that help protect the baby, creating a sterile environment throughout pregnancy until being born
Lung and digestive system development: From 34 weeks, the fetus will absorb amniotic fluid about 300-500ml per day.



By breathing and swallowing amniotic fluid, babies will also practice before using the muscles of these systems as they grow.
Muscle and bone growth: When a baby floats inside the amniotic sac, it can move freely, giving muscles and bones a chance to grow properly.
Umbilical cord support: The fluid in the uterus prevents the umbilical cord from being compressed. This wire transports food and oxygen from the placenta to the developing fetus.
In addition, the amniotic fluid also supports the mother's delivery. After the amniotic rupture occurs, the greasiness from the amniotic fluid will help lubricate the genital tract to make it easier for the mother to give birth.
Standard amniotic fluid index
The amount of amniotic fluid will tend to increase as the pregnancy develops and reaches its highest point around the 36th week of gestation. Accordingly, the standard amniotic fluid index during pregnancy:
12 weeks: 60 ml
16 weeks: 175 mL
From 34 to 38 weeks gestation: 400 to 1,200 mL
The doctor can measure the level of maternal amniotic fluid through an ultrasound.



There are two parameters used to assess amniotic fluid, the amniotic fluid index (AFI) or maximum vertical sac (MPV).
Doctors will evaluate the amniotic fluid level is low if the AFI is less than 5cm or the MPV is less than 2cm.
The amount of amniotic fluid will tend to increase as pregnancy develops and reaches its highest point around the 36th week of gestation
Abnormal phenomenon of amniotic fluid
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Low amniotic fluid concentration, also known as amniotic deficiency occurs when the AFI reading is less than 5cm (normal index is 5-25cm) and MVP is less than 2cm.
This condition usually occurs in mothers with a history of one of the following conditions:
Poor growth
Chronic high blood pressure (hypertension)
Problems with the placenta, such as abortion
Preeclampsia
Diabetes
Lupus
Multiple pregnancies, for example twins or triplets
Birth defects, such as kidney abnormalities
Month old pregnancy
Minimal amniotic fluid can occur in any trimester, but if it occurs around the first 6 months of pregnancy, the risk of birth defects or premature birth is higher, more serious leading to miscarriage, stillbirth.
But in the case of a mother with low amniotic fluid reserves during the last 3 months of pregnancy, there will be some risks such as fetal growth retardation or fetal abortion. Therefore, the rest of pregnancy will be closely monitored to ensure the normal development of the fetus.
Accordingly, doctors can apply a few tests to give an accurate assessment of the extent of the effects of amniotic fluid as well as timely treatment options such as infusion of amniotic fluid supplement to the mother. Some essential tests include:
Check fetal heart rate at rest and on the go
Ultrasound scan to detect baby's movements, muscle tone, breathing rate and amniotic fluid
Number of kicks of fetus
Doppler Research: They use sound waves to check blood flow in a baby.




In some cases, doctors may appoint a mother to be born early, to protect the health of both mother and child. Because amniotic fluid will easily lead to the mother being broken early, though not before the date of labor and risk of infection of the amniotic, fetus and uterus ... endangering life.
Methods to increase the amount of amniotic fluid for mothers
Usually for socks.

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