Antibiotic Eye Drops And The Risks

The majority of eye drops are antibiotics. Just as taking or applying antibiotic eye drops can cause complications, especially when used incorrectly or improperly.
The drug group contains only antibiotics
This group includes pharmaceuticals containing common antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline and drugs containing strong antibiotics such as cyprofloxacin, moxifloxacin ..

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Eye diseases sometimes appear to be very similar in appearance, but due to different pathogens, specific antibiotics must be used, otherwise treatment of bacteria will develop. For example, conjunctivitis causes eye redness, but if it is caused by bacteria it must use chloramphenicol eye drops, if the virus has to use tetracycline eye ointment, if gonorrhea must use tetracycline eye fat with penicillin injection. Some ophthalmic antibiotics may cause some local side effects that cause discomfort in the eyes
For example, moxifloxacin eye drops (vigamox) reduce vision, dry eyes, keratitis, eruption, itchy eye pain, conjunctival hemorrhage.



Usually, these side effects are less common (when used in low doses), more often (when high doses are needed) and will disappear when the drug is stopped. To reduce discomfort in the eyes, sometimes it is necessary to use an alternating eye wash that works to lubricate, reduce irritation, make the eyes feel comfortable.
When an eye is used, there is an antibiotic that follows the blood vessels in the eye into the body, creating plasma concentrations that are not as high as when taken at the usual therapeutic dose, but if the dose is too small and (or) Long-term use (over two weeks), the drug can still cause some side effects such as when taken orally. This is more likely to occur with drugs that have a slow elimination rate. For this reason, only the right medicine, the right dose (the number of times, the number of drops must be small) and no prolonged use (more than 2 weeks).
Some drugs that can cause systemic side effects often have contraindications such as: do not use chloramphenicol eye drops for infants, people with marrow depression. Do not use cyprofloxacin ophthalmic for pregnant women, nursing mothers, children under 12 years of age Some drops have the same systemic effects as when taken but have not been fully informed.



However, when using this type of eye drops, it is often recommended to exercise caution.
While taking antibiotic eye drops, if you have other illnesses, you need to use an oral or parenteral antibiotic with great care to avoid adverse interactions. For example, when using chloramphenicol eye drops, do not take or inject gentamycin, tetracycline, cephalosporin, polymycin; When using tetracycline eye drops, do not take or inject penicillin. Some eye drops contain antibiotics that have a very wide spectrum of antibacterial activity in the laboratory, but the clinical practice is not necessarily effective against all of these bacterial strains.
These antibiotics, if used long term, can lead to overproduction of non-susceptible strains, resulting in other infections. For example, moxifloxacin ophthalmic ophthalmic is indicated for conjunctivitis caused by many types of bacteria, but if used over time, it can also cause superinfection, including fungal infections. One of the common side effects of this medication is conjunctivitis. New generation antibiotics have a wide antibacterial spectrum, if they are considered as multi-purpose drugs, they will be used for a long time and easily lead to this side effect.




Combined antibiotics and corticosteroids This group includes the combination of corticosteroids with antibiotics (such as chlorocid-H containing hydrocortisone, chloramphenicol) or with two or three antibiotics (such as maxitrol containing dexamethasone, neomycin, polymycin) ... both fight infections (caused by antibiotics), and reduce inflammation (due to corticosteroids).
However, the corticoid component of the drug reduces the body's resistance, so it reduces the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, aggravates the disease and facilitates secondary infections (including viruses and fungi). Corticosteroids also slow wound healing, increase intraocular pressure, which can evolve into glaucoma, visual damage, infrequent visual impairments, cataract formation under the condom. behind, thinning of the sclera leads to perforation of the eyeball. Depending on the composition and proportion of combination, each brand name has different efficacy and side effects.




Therefore, the drug is only used when the combination of the appropriate dosage in the product is effective enough to fight the infection, the side effects of corticosteroids are only limited (for example, in the previous partial bacterial infection of ophthalmic), not widely used for all infections or other lesions (such as can not be used in severe infections, viral conjunctivitis, fungal infections, ocular lesions caused by tuberculosis, corneal ulceration of the cornea) ).
Antibiotic eye drops should be used as directed by a physician. Because of not seeing the important meaning of eye drops, and not fully understanding the side effects, many people use arbitrary eye drops easily causing complications.
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