Acute Respiratory Infections In Children

Acute respiratory infections are the most common childhood disease, leading to death among children, especially children under 5 years old. In these children, the most common respiratory infections are: bronchitis - lung, lobar pneumonia, acute bronchitis, viral pneumonia, staphylococcus, bronchial asthma ...

Bronchopneumonia
It is more common in children than older children

. Children often get sick after a bacterial infection that greatly reduces the body's resistance such as: after measles, pertussis, flu, diphtheria or after surgery, after severe burns ..
When having bronchitis, the child has symptoms of infection: fever, cough, vomiting, blue skin, quitting, crying, difficulty breathing, rapid nose flapping, receding on the breastbone, cyanosis.



Listen to see many moist lungs. X-rays of both lungs have many scattered clouds.
Must actively treat antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin), anti-dyspnea, hypothermia, heart support.
Lobar pneumonia
Common in older children (in autumn, winter, spring). Children often get high fever 39-40oC, suddenly after being infected with cold, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough. The inflammation in the lung area has a lot of moist rales, murmurs, explosions, and percussions.
Chest X-ray shows localized triangular lesion turning outward, the top is at the navel Blood test: white blood cell count, high percentage of neutrophils.



Treatment as in bronchitis - lung disease.
Acute bronchitis
Common in older children, when the weather changes or after rhinitis. Often the upper, medium or large bronchi bronchitis is inflamed, small bronchi is little or no effect.
Sick children have symptoms of fever, cough. At first, after a productive cough with sputum, the whole condition is less affected. Listen to the lungs have many snoring rales, scattered hiss in both lungs.
Although the disease is not as severe as lobar pneumonia, bronchitis - lung, it must be treated definitely to not make the disease worse.
Viral pneumonia
Many viruses can cause pneumonia.



Children are more often than adults. The rate of viral pneumonia in recent years has been increasing.
The more severe the disease in children, the more likely it is to cause acute respiratory failure. If not treated in time, it can be fatal. The disease usually occurs in the cold season, when the weather changes. The disease has a rapid onset, suddenly.
Healthy children suddenly stuffy nose, symptoms of upper respiratory tract inflammation: rhinitis - throat, laryngitis, children complain of sore throat, hoarseness, high fever 39-40oC, dry cough.
If the causative agent is young adenovirus symptoms of eye pain (red eyes, watery eyes), swollen neck glands, tonsil swelling.



The status quo affects much. Children are tired, do not play, or fussy, refuse to eat.
The symptoms in the lungs are not as many and are not as obvious as systemic symptoms. Lungs only hear a little moist rales, snoring or rales. A chest x-ray in young children sometimes shows only a brighter picture of the lungs.
In older children, there is a dark umbilical lung pattern, with blurs from the umbilical cord to the periphery or nodules scattered across the lungs. Blood tests showed an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of white blood cells.
Treatment is mainly for the prevention of respiratory failure and other complications during and after infection.



Conventional antibiotics do not work against viruses, only to prevent bacteria from being superinfected during illness.
Staphylococcus aureus
Is pneumonia caused by staphylococcus aureus. Common in children under 3 years old. The more serious the disease is, the smaller the child.
The disease usually occurs suddenly. Children with a high fever of 39-40oC, dry cough, lethargy, tiredness, shortness of breath, examination lungs only hear a little crackling or silence.
There may be signs of pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Chest X-ray shows many air bubbles, air bubbles get bigger if not treated effectively.



Repeat lung scan will detect this image.
If the balloon burst, it will produce gas, pleural effusion, pleurisy. Blood tests showed an increase in the number of white blood cells and the proportion of neutrophils.
Active treatment of antibiotics that work against staphylococcus (methicillin, oxacillin ...) against respiratory failure, airflow, pleural fluid (if any) ..



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Asthma
Can happen to children very early. Children often have asthma due to viscera, bacterial infections, unbalanced neurological conditions (sympathetic, parasympathetic), due to a stimulating factor in the body (VA, tonsils, nasal polyps ...). Many cases did not find the cause.
Babies have difficulty breathing mainly in breathing out.



Listen to the lungs many rales, snoring rales. Lung x-rays are brighter than usual. Mainly for treating relapses (bronchodilators, corticosteroids, etc.), it is best to find the cause to eliminate.
All acute respiratory infections in children must be attentive to aggressive treatment, proper disease to avoid possible negative consequences, because in young children, the likelihood of death is often high..

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