Bacterial Enterocolitis After Taking Antibiotics

When you have to use an antibiotic many times, users rarely notice the side effects clearly.

However, the accumulation due to continuous use over a long period of time will change the composition of beneficial bacteria living in the gut. That was published by researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine.
From the causes .

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An estimated 1,000 different species of bacteria coexist in harmony in the gut of a person with normal health, said David Relman, professor of medicine, microbiology and immunology.
The study examined the effects of ciprofloxacin (trade name Cipro), an antibiotic widely used for diseases of the intestinal, urinary tract and some systemic infections
In a previous study, Relman's team concluded that the bacteria in a person also seemed to return to normal within a few weeks after using ciprofloxacin for 5 days.




However, this new study involves two processes, which show a more subtle, longer-lasting effect of ciprofloxacin use, such as the replacement of many of the bacteria commonly present in the gut by the other and having There is a lot of evidence regarding the loss of some species.
The appearance of easily observed effects such as flatulence and diarrhea when using ciprofloxacin has supported the assumption that this drug has a strong effect on beneficial gut bacteria.
Overall, the similarities between intestinal bacteria before and after using ciprofloxacin explain why these side effects are not easily observed.
However, more nuanced differences between pre-existing communities and the emergence of repeated disorders give rise to new problems, Relman added. A species that has been lost or reduced may have performed a useful task.
For example, the secretion of a protein kills pathogens, which is lost when it is replaced. The lost function may not be noticed perhaps until the pathogen invades the human intestine
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The findings of this study do not mean that ciprofloxacin is dangerous and not used, Relman explained.

Researchers have raised questions about the long-term effects of antibiotics and concerns about the evolution of resistance.
The new findings underscore the desire to not only find ways to identify bacteria that have been lost or reduced by an antibiotic but also important functions that are beneficial by the beneficial effects of beneficial bacteria in the gut. .
For example, the signaling cells in the lining of the intestine work to prevent harmful substances in the food or release anti-inflammatory substances to prevent allergies or autoimmune diseases.
In this study, scientists collected more than 150 stool samples from three healthy adult women over 10 months.




They then used advanced techniques to count the number of different bacterial species present in each sample as well as the size and number of different species present in the sample.
For 10 months, the researchers impacted the intestinal flora by giving them a standard dose of ciprofloxacin twice for five days.
At the first time, the total number of bacteria in each subject weakened and dropped sharply in about 1 week. About 1/3 to 1/2 decreases sharply in number or disappears completely.
Some of the original species have more or less increased their numbers because they reside in ecologically unaffected niches.
A week after the first time, 2 of the 3 women who studied most of the bacteria returned to their original state, and the other one still did not recover until 6 months later. In the second, antibiotics create a stronger effect.
Relman said: 'Even the subjects with intestinal bacterial flora who completely recovered after the first time did not recover after the second.




After the second time, the intestinal flora cannot return to its original state. In each of the subjects studied, the gut microbiota changed to a new state and remained in that state for at least two months after the second experiment was completed.
Thus, all three study subjects had significant and permanent changes in the bacterial flora in their intestines after 10 months of research.
In this study, the scientists used the most advanced techniques developed in recent years to count and identify the type of bacteria.
Relman said current technologies could allow for pre- and post-antibiotic assessments, and the abundance of bacteria in the patient's intestines to be coded for important functions.
In the future, knowing that an important function has been impaired, doctors can restore that function by prescribing medication or suggesting a diet that stimulates the recovery of beneficial bacteria. suitable..

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