Be Careful With Tuberculosis In Pregnant Women

Tuberculosis is considered the main cause of death for pregnant women and is one of the three leading causes of death for women aged 15-45 years.
What is tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs. It can be spread from person to person through the air when someone with TB disease coughs, sneezes or spits.
In addition to the lungs, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also be transmitted through sugar
Pathogenic blood or lymph nodes in other parts of the body such as the kidneys, spine and brain.
If not treated promptly and properly, tuberculosis can lead to death

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Tuberculosis classification
Tuberculosis can be divided into two main types, including:
Latent tuberculosis infection: the situation in which the TB bacteria live in the body but do not make the person sick by inhalation of the tuberculosis bacteria in the air, the body automatically produces a response against this bacterium, preventing Bacteria grow. This type does not cause any signs and does not spread to others.
Tuberculosis: As the tuberculosis bacteria thrive and the number multiplies rapidly, the person will turn from latent TB infection to tuberculosis with typical specific signs Tuberculosis is easily spread to others through the air, so people with latent TB infection are often prescribed treatment to not develop TB disease.




Who is at risk for TB?
Anyone can become infected with tuberculosis, but the following subjects are at higher risk:
Someone in the family is infected with tuberculosis
Having lived, worked or stayed for a long time in a country with a high incidence of tuberculosis
People who are underweight
Depends on drugs and alcohol
Pregnant women
Causes of pregnant women susceptible to tuberculosis
Compared to other subjects, pregnant women are more susceptible to tuberculosis because their bodies change hormones estrogen and progesterone.
In addition, the appearance of the placenta hormone makes the pelvic organs - hip, reproductive system, skin, muscles to increase metabolism and absorb more water. This leads to the softer scarring organs and organs, creating an opportunity for TB bacteria to easily penetrate and function.
In addition to the above causes, pregnant women are susceptible to tuberculosis bacteria due to a weakened immune system, inadequate diet, exhaustion and fatigue.
Pregnant women are at high risk for TB
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis during pregnancy?
The symptoms of tuberculosis in pregnant women may not be specific.
Cough lasts more than a few weeks
Persistent fever (high temperature)
Sweating a lot at night
Loss of appetite
Unexplained weight loss
Feelings of general tiredness and abnormality
Hemoptisi
Constant swelling in the neck glands (or sometimes other glands)
Complications of tuberculosis during pregnancy
Tuberculosis is a dangerous disease, especially for pregnant women due to the following complications:
Increased infant mortality
Pregnant women with TB disease are at risk of premature birth and low birth weight
Young children with congenital TB will have fever, respiratory failure and hepatomegaly
At the end of pregnancy, pregnant women can die and pregnancy toxicity
It is the disturbing complications that can cause both the mother and the baby so usually women diagnosed with tuberculosis will not be encouraged to become pregnant and give birth during treatment.
Testing for tuberculosis
Tuberculosis will be tested through 2 methods:
Tuberculin skin test (subcutaneous test): inject a small amount of tuberculin of tuberculosis bacteria into the arm of the patient If a red bump appears at the injection site within 2 days, the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis bacteria.




Skin test tuberculin
IGRAs blood test: using a blood sample only once, the result after 24 hours, if the result is positive, then the person has been infected with tuberculosis and a negative result means not infected with TB.
In addition to the above two tests, patients may need to perform additional tests.
Treatment of tuberculosis for pregnant women
If tuberculosis is suspected in pregnancy, pregnant women need to see a doctor to be properly diagnosed with the disease. At the same time carry out the necessary tests to accurately determine the status of infection.
Pregnant women with tuberculosis need to be treated according to the guidance of a specialist.
Initial treatment with INH, rifampicin and ethambutol for 2 months
Providing adequate nutrients for the body with protein-rich foods, vitamins, minerals ...



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Establish a reasonable living and resting regime
After birth, if the mother is still treated for tuberculosis, she will have to be isolated from the baby to minimize the risk of spreading the disease to her baby, not to breastfeed the baby when the mother has tuberculosis
Children of mothers with tuberculosis during pregnancy should be monitored for congenital tuberculosis and early BCG vaccination to prevent primary tuberculosis.
Testing and vaccination for prestigious tuberculosis at Hopital General Hospital
Hopital General Hospital is proud to be one of the hospitals with high professional quality with a team of leading doctors, nurses, professional and dedicated nurses, modern medical equipment system. Besides, Ngọc Ngọc c.

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