Brain Tumors – Things To Know

The brain is a soft, porous mass of tissue. The brain is protected by the skulls and 3 thin layers called meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates in the brain, cushioning the brain. This fluid flows through the spaces between the meninges and through spaces in the brain called the ventricles.
Brain and adjacent structures: The ventricle is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord, meninges, and skull
A network of nerves carries commands back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body

. Some nerves go directly from the brain to the eyes, the ears, and other parts of the head.
Other nerves run along the spinal cord to connect the brain to the rest of the body. In the brain and spinal cord, glial cells surround the nerve cells and hold them in place
The brain commands what we actively do (like walking and talking) and things our bodies do unconsciously (like breathing).



The brain is also responsible for the senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell), memory, emotions, and personality.
3 important parts of the brain control different activities:
- Brain - The brain is the largest part of the brain. It is at the top of the brain. The brain uses information from the senses to tell us what is happening around us and tells the body how to respond. It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, and emotions.
The brain is divided into two parts of the right and left hemispheres, controlling separate activities. The right hemisphere of the brain controls the activity of the muscles to the left of the body The left brain hemisphere controls the activity of the right muscles of the body.




- Cerebellum - Cerebellum is located under the brain and at the back of the brain. The cerebellum controls balance and complex activities like walking and talking.
- Brain stem - The brain stem connects the brain and spinal cord. The brain stem controls feelings of hunger and thirst. The brain stem also controls breathing rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and other basic body functions.
Important parts of the brain: The brain, pineal gland, pituitary gland, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord
What is cancer?
Cancer begins in the cells, the basic unit of tissue. Tissues make up the organs of the body.
Normally, cells grow and divide into new cells according to the requirements of the body.



As cells age, they will die, and new cells will take their place.
Sometimes this process is disturbed. New cells form when the body doesn't need them, and old cells do not die. These extra cells create a mass of tissue called a tumor or tumor.
What are benign brain tumors and malignant brain tumors?
Brain tumors may be benign or malignant:
- Benign brain tumors do not contain cancer cells:
+ Often benign tumors can be removed and less likely to return.
+ The boundaries of benign tumors are usually clear. Healthy tumor cells do not invade surrounding tissue or spread to other parts of the body. However, benign tumors can pinch sensitive areas of the brain and cause serious health problems.




+ Unlike benign tumors in other parts of the body, benign tumors in the brain can sometimes be life-threatening.
+ Healthy brain tumors can become malignant, although very rare.
- Malignant brain tumors contain cancer cells:
+ Malignant brain tumors are often severe and life threatening.
+ They grow very fast and invade surrounding healthy tissue.
+ Very rarely malignant cells in the brain cancer cell separate and move to other parts of the brain, to the spinal cord, or to other parts of the body (metastases).
+ Sometimes melanoma does not spread to normal tissues. The tumor may be surrounded by a layer of tissue, or skull. This is an encapsulated tumor
Brain tumors can be benign or malignant
Stage of the tumor
Brain tumors are usually classified by stage - from early stage (stage I) to late stage (stage IV).



The stage of the tumor is based on the image of the cell observed on a microscope. Late-stage tumor cells are more abnormal and grow faster than early-stage tumor cells.
What is primary brain tumor?
Tumors that arise from brain cells are called primary brain tumors. Primary brain tumors are named after the cell type or location of the brain.
- The most common primary brain tumor is gliomas. They form from glial cells. There are many types of glioma:
+ Astrocytoma - Asthma is derived from astrocytes, called astrocytes. In adults, astrocytoma usually starts in the brain.



In children, they form from the brainstem, brain, and cerebellum.
+ Glioma brain stem - Tumors form from the lowest part of the brain. Brain stem gliom is common in children and middle age.
+ Ventricular meningi (Ependymoma) - Tumors formed from cells lining the ventricles or central channel of the spinal cord. Most common in children and adolescents.
+ Oligodendroglioma - This tumor is rare and formed from cells that make up the fat surrounding and protecting nerve fibers. Tumors usually start in the brain. The tumor grows slowly and usually does not spread to surrounding tissues.



Common in middle age.
- Some types of brain tumors do not start from glial cells. The most common u are
+ Medulloblastoma - U usually shaped t.

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