Factors Harmful To The Fetus

During pregnancy, there are many factors that can harm the mother and fetus. Many cases of birth defects, miscarriage caused by the mother are exposed to factors harmful to the fetus during pregnancy. These toxic factors are classified into three main groups: group of drugs or chemicals, group of infectious agents and group of physical agents.
Drug and chemical group
Alcohol is one of the many toxic substances but it is often used, causing serious consequences on the fetus: low birth weight, small head circumference, mental retardation, muscle weakness. The more alcohol a mother drinks, the higher the toxic rate on the fetus

.
Tobacco: Smoking mothers can give birth to low birth weight, reduce the size of the head, increase the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth .. because nicotine prevents the supply of oxygen to the fetus, but nicotine goes come together easily.



The concentration of nicotine in the fetus can be 15% higher than the amount of nicotine in the mother's body.
In addition, nicotine can be concentrated in amniotic fluid and breast milk. If another person smokes and the woman breathes in secondhand smoke, the consequences are similar to smoking directly.
Antibiotic
Most antibiotics do not cause birth defects. However, there are some antibiotics that have an adverse effect on the fetus, such as tetracycline used from the fourth month of pregnancy for yellowing teeth, minimizing enamel production.
Streptomycin and its related relatives can damage the nerves of the ear leading to deafness (occurs in 10-15% of fetuses whose mothers use these drugs). In addition, antihypertensive drugs, anticancer drugs, anticoagulants, anti-epilepsy .



. are contraindicated during pregnancy.
Infection agent
Many types of bacteria, parasites and viruses can cause birth defects, abnormal development of the nervous system. The common infection for pregnant women is Torch infection (Toxoplasmose, rubella, cytomegalo virus, herpes) which is toxic to the fetus with congenital malformations at the head, neurodevelopmental retinitis, and retinitis.
Rubella caused by rubella often causes blindness, deafness, and even patent ductus arteriosus. In addition, if a mother is infected with syphilis, it can lead to congenital syphilis in the newborn since the fifth month of pregnancy, the germs can spread through each other. The fetus may have enlarged spleen, skin disease, osteitis, nephritis, meningitis.
Physical agent
X-rays cause nervous system abnormalities, cause cancer and gene mutation.



In addition, the high temperature environment can affect pregnant women causing birth defects in the fetal nervous system.
Therefore, when a pregnant woman is known to be pregnant, if she becomes ill, she should go for a prenatal check-up to be instructed by a specialized physician and only use the medicine as prescribed. In addition, attention should be paid to the living environment of the pregnant woman, avoiding factors that may harm the fetus..

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