Has The Mother Had Any Rh Blood Test?
Pregnant women are often ordered to test for Rh factor in the first weeks of pregnancy. This is an important test that a pregnant mother cannot ignore.
What is the Rh factor?
Each Rh + (positive) or Rh - (negative) blood element exists in everyone's blood. Blood Rh is an antigen or protein specific in red blood cells that helps the body form a defense mechanism by differentiating its own blood. The factors that determine a child's blood type are inherited from his parents' genes
The Rh blood system consists of nearly 50 types of antigens, of which D is the most important with high immunogenicity. Of the two types, the Rh + blood type is the most common and the Rh- blood type is considered a rare blood type. Although Rh-blood type is not considered a disease and does not affect health, it can affect pregnancy if the person is pregnant
The risk will occur when the mother is Rh-group but pregnant with a child of Rh + group.
At this time, the mother's body can produce antibodies against the child's Rh + red blood cells and cause unforeseen dangerous complications.Each Rh + (positive) or Rh - (negative) blood element exists.
Reasons for having a Rh blood test during pregnancy
If a mother has Rh-blood factor but she is pregnant with Rh + blood type, then the child may have hemolytic complications because the mother's body produces antibodies against Rh-factor in red blood cells of fetus. Because Rh blood factor is not compatible between the mother and the baby, when the fetal blood leaks into the mother's body during pregnancy, the pregnant woman will produce antibodies that attack the fetal blood, damaging the baby. to the baby's life.
To prevent serious consequences due to a blood-born disagreement between mother and child, obstetricians recommend that a pregnant woman should have her blood tested early in pregnancy.
Usually, if a couple has a different Rh factor, doctors will have to monitor the entire pregnancy to ensure the mother's body doesn't produce antibodies against the blood factor in the baby
What is Rh incompatibility met in?
For any woman with Rh-type blood and having a baby with Rh + or having unidentified Rh blood status, there is a risk of Rh-type disagreement.
Because it takes a while to develop antibodies, the first child is usually unaffected. However, in the next pregnancy if the child continues to carry Rh +, the Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the fetal red blood cells.
In addition, women may be exposed to Rh + blood during prenatal tests or procedures such as amniocentesis.
Symptoms when Rh incompatible
The effects of Rh incompatibility in the fetus can cause mild to severe complications, the most serious of which are life-threatening. When maternal antibodies are produced and attack the fetal red blood cells with hemolytic symptoms, the baby's red blood cells are being destroyed and bilirubin accumulates in the blood.
In case of too much bilirubin in the blood, the baby will have some symptoms such as jaundice and scleroderma, low muscle tone, coma ..
.However, these symptoms will be relieved if treatment with Rh incompatibility is successful.
If the mother has Rh- factor, but she is pregnant with Rh + blood type, then the child may have hemolytic complications
Complications of Rh incompatibility
If detected promptly and with the necessary interventions, it will minimize the risks created by Rh incompatibility. However, in some cases, the effects of Rh disagreement are not prevented, which can cause serious complications such as:
- Convulsions
- Anemia
- Heart failure
- Children with mental health problems, movement, hearing, ...
- Fetal brain injury or cerebral jaundice
- Dead
How to diagnose Rh factor incompatibility?
During the first prenatal visit, the doctor will order the woman to perform a blood group test to determine her Rh status.
If the result is Rh- blood type, then the husband may also be asked to check this factor for a more accurate judgment.
In the case of a husband with Rh-blood type, there is no need to worry. Conversely, if a husband has a Rh + blood type, some other tests need to be done to look for blood type disagreements.Accordingly, women can perform additional tests positive indirectly Coombs. This method uses a blood sample to look for the presence of antibodies that destroy cells in plasma.
In addition, doctors use the level of bilirubin in the baby's blood to determine blood group immobility. If the index is higher than normal, it is a sign of incompatibility.
Another way is to take blood and then examine under a microscope to determine the shape and structure of red blood cells to see if there are signs of destruction of red blood cells in the newborn's blood. .
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