Routine Pregnancy Check-ups And The Fullest Pregnancy Tests

During pregnancy, to ensure a healthy pregnancy and a good birth, mothers should have a prenatal check-up and follow-up visit on schedule. Besides antenatal care, doctors will guide appropriate nutrition supplements as well as perform necessary tests and screenings.
Methods of antenatal care during pregnancy
Ultrasound in pregnancy
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs. Ultrasound is done during pregnancy to check the normal development of the fetus. Ultrasound can be done at various times during pregnancy

. There are two ways of ultrasound:
Abdominal ultrasound: An ultrasound with one end is a handheld device that is gelled on the transducer over the abdominal area to create an image on the screen. Doctor observes professional degree and examines;
Transvaginal ultrasound: The doctor uses a small probe, inserted into the vagina, to create a sharper screen image. This method is often used in the early stages of pregnancy
Some types of ultrasound imaging techniques:
2D ultrasound for a flat image of the area being ultrasound;
3D ultrasound for 3D images of the ultrasound area.



It requires special machine and good technician's technique. 3D images allow the doctor to see the width, height and depth of the image and can also be saved for later viewing;
4D 4D sound allows you to see the fetus moving in real time. With 4D images, 3D images are constantly updated with yellow images to help show the shadow and stand out.
Does ultrasound harm the baby?
Fetal ultrasound has no radiation and no known or harmful risks to the mother and fetus;
The transducer ultrasound, wrapped in plastic or latex, can be a little uncomfortable when the device is inserted into the vagina. In addition, some mothers may have side effects like an allergy to latex but this is rare.
Ultrasound for the first three months aims to:
Check the gestational age, determine the due date;
Check the number of fetuses and see the placenta;
Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage;
Look at the uterus and other pelvic anatomy;
In some cases, fetal problems may be sought.
Ultrasound during the last three months aims to:
Check the gestational age, determine the due date;
To find out the number of fetuses and look at the placenta;
To help with prenatal tests such as amniocentesis;
Look at fetal anatomy to see if there is a problem;
To check the amount of amniotic fluid;
Look at blood flow;
To see the behavior and activity of the fetus;
To measure the length of the cervix;
To check the development of the fetus
Ultrasound for the last three months aims to:
To check the development of the fetus;
To check the amount of amniotic fluid;
To complete a physiological profile;
To find out the location of the fetus;
To check the placenta.




Ultrasound for antenatal care
Blood tests during pregnancy
The combination of fetal ultrasound and maternal blood tests can help find the risk of the fetus having certain birth defects. Screening tests may be used alone or with other tests.
Ultrasound examination for fetal nuchal translucency in the first 3 months;
Maternal serum test for the first 3 months measuring 2 substances found in the blood of all pregnant women:
Screening of plasma proteins related to pregnancy (PAPP-A) This is a protein made by the placenta during early pregnancy. Abnormal levels are associated with a higher risk for chromosomal problems.
Human gonads (hCG) This is a hormone made by the placenta during early pregnancy. Abnormal levels are associated with a higher risk for chromosomal problems.
These tests are able to find out whether the fetus may have a genetic birth defect such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18.
If the results of these tests are abnormal, you may recommend additional tests such as chorionic villi sampling, amniocentesis, non-cellular fetal DNA or other ultrasound.




Prenatal screening tests in the third trimester of pregnancy:
Screening is usually done by taking a mother's blood sample between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. Friday 16 to 18 are ideal for:
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood during pregnancy. AFP is a protein usually made by the fetal liver. It stays in the fluid around the fetus (amniotic fluid) and crosses the placenta into the mother's blood. The AFP blood test is also called the MSAFP (maternal serum AFP).
Abnormal AFP levels may be a sign of:
Open neural tube defects (ONTD) such as spina bifida;
Down syndrome;
Other chromosomal problems;
Problems in the abdominal wall of the fetus;
Twins: more than one fetus is making proteins;
The due date is not correct;
Other signs: hCG, Estriol, Inhibitors ...




Abnormal results of AFP and other signs may mean the mother needs further testing
Screening is not 100% accurate. It is only a screening test to find out who should be offered additional tests for their pregnancy. Tests may give results.

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