Semen Map

Semen is one of the most basic and indispensable tests when an infertile couple goes for a checkup. Through semen chart, one can preliminarily assess the ability of the husband, giving birth to the next test and suggesting a treatment.
Currently, some centers use semen analysis methods with computer support (CASA: Computer - Aided Semen Analysis).
However, with the standards set by the World Health Organization in 1993, traditional microscopy is still widely recognized and widely used, because it is highly accurate. Relatively high corpses

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Analyze a sample of semen
In order not to affect the results, the test sample should be taken properly, after being brought to the laboratory, it will be assessed as a whole (visible to the naked eye) as well as a microscope (observed under a microscope). Because).
General observation
Semen samples are put into a laboratory and placed in an incubator to assess the lysis Normally, the sample will settle completely after about 15-20 minutes.




If the sample does not dissolve or is incomplete, the prostate abnormality may be suspected (most often prostatitis).
After the sample has liquefied, other factors will be assessed, including semen volume and color. The semen is normally grayish white, slightly cloudy and homogeneous.
If the semen is yellow, it may be due to urine being collected during sampling or due to infection. Clear and diluted semen samples usually have little or even no sperm.
Sperm abnormalities may also suggest a number of abnormal causes. On average, the volume of a man's ejaculation is about 2ml
In addition, semen samples are assessed for pH.



Typically, semen is alkaline, with pH ranging from 7.2 to 8.4. In the absence of sperm with the test sample having a pH of 7, it may be due to vasectomy.
The sample after a general assessment will be observed under a microscope.
Observe the microscopic
The sample was evaluated for motility, sperm count / ml of semen, survival-to-death rate, presence of white blood cells and the proportion of spermatozoa that have normal shape.
- Sperm motility will be assessed under 40X objective. Depending on the speed of movement and people will be divided into 4 groups:
• A: Sperm moves forward, fast.




• B: Sperm moves forward, slowly.
• C: Sperm cell in place.
• D: Sperm is not moving.
- To calculate the number of sperm in a ml of semen, after diluting semen at an appropriate rate and making sperm immobile, a counting chamber is used, divided inside many small cells.
- Sperm shape will be observed at 100X objective, after being dyed by special method (Papanicolaou). Abnormalities may occur in the head, neck or tail of the sperm.
What is a normal semen analysis result?
The World Health Organization (WHO) has published the following normal semen analysis indicators:
- Semen volume> 2 ml
- Sperm concentration> 20 million sperm / ml.
- Sperm motility> 50% of motile sperm, or 25% of sperm motility is very fast.




- Sperm morphology> 15% has a normal shape (by very strict standards).
- Leukocytes <1 million leukocytes / ml. - Anti-sperm antibody <50% of sperm is coated with antibody antibody. The note when evaluating results - Sperm is created from spermatogenous cells, located in spermatogenous tubes of 2 testes. Once formed, sperm will move into the sperm crest. It is here that sperm maturation will be completed. Sperm from birth to maturity completely needs a period of 10 - 12 weeks. The semen every ejaculate includes: sperm and semen.



Semen is the secretions from the prostate (1/3 volume) and from the seminal vesicles (accounting for 2/3 of the rest). Just any abnormalities in the sperm or the glands mentioned above will affect the results of semen.
- The method of obtaining semen is correct, the time of abstinence from intercourse before taking the semen (3-5 days) and the time of analyzing the sample must be about 1 hour after taking the sample.
- If semen is abnormal, it should be done at least 2-3 times to evaluate, test and compare.
- The results and normal norm of semen of each laboratory in the hospitals are different, so the results may not be the same.
- To know a man's ability to have children cannot be based solely on semen results. Some people still have normal babies despite low or weak sperm count.
Conversely, normal semen cannot guarantee that a person can certainly have children.



To assess the ability to have children and how to treat, it is necessary to evaluate based on examination and test results of both spouses such as age, relationship time without using contraception, comorbidities.

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