Sexually Transmitted Diseases In Men

In developing countries, STDs are among the 10 diseases with a high incidence of diseases in men, causing health and reproductive effects annually due to complications of urethritis, epididymitis or infertility.
Among viral STDs, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become the leading cause of death in some developing countries over the past decade.
Meanwhile, the two main STDs caused by the virus are human papilloma virus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B virus), which cause complications of penile cancer and liver cancer. In addition, other viruses such as genital herpes and cytomegalovirus infection are increasing significantly.

Urethritis in men
Urethritis is often considered to be a STDs syndrome in men, which manifests a discharge or discharge from the urethra in men with other symptoms such as urination, difficulty urinating

. If not treated promptly, it can be transmitted to sexual partners and leave complications such as epididymitis, urethral stenosis, infertility.
The diagnosis is based on clinical signs, incubation period ranges from 2 days to 5 weeks, symptoms of severe urination, difficulty urinating, painful urination along the urinary tract, accompanied by green or yellow pus discharge from urethral openings.
Examination of purulent fluid from the outside of the urethra, staining gram shows that gram (-) cocci in and outside polymorphonuclear leukocytes
In addition, in other cases of gram staining without having leukocytes, there are more than 5 white blood cells in a field with a magnification of 1,000 times, often concluding that non-neisseria gonorrhoeae urethritis may be chlamydia.

Treatment: if the cause is identified, treat the cause, if not the syndrome. Treatment of urissitis caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae must be treated for chlamydia.
Use one of the following medicines in combination with one of the medicines to treat urethritis:
- Cefixim 200mg, take 2 capsules, single dose + doxycyclin 100mg, take 1 capsule, twice a day, for 7 days. Ceftriaxon 250mg, intramuscularly, single dose + doxycyclin 100mg, take 1 capsule, twice a day, for 7 days.
Sex partners of patients should also be tested for neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia and should receive treatment.
Note: when a sexual partner is pregnant or breastfeeding, the treatment does not use doxycyclin but instead erythromycin 500mg orally 1 tablet, 3 times a day, for 14 days.
Epididymitis
Acute epididymitis in STDs with the most common symptom of sudden unilateral scrotal pain, scrotum edema, urinary retention, common in sexually active men under 35, chlamydia trachomatis the most common pathogens, followed by escherichia coli and neisseria gonorrhoeae

coli and neisseria gonorrhoeae.



At the same time the disease is associated with pronounced urethritis.
Differential diagnosis of testicular torsion, testicular tumor. Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency, usually in the 20s and 30s, manifested by sudden pain, elevated testicle in the scrotum, epididymis rotates from the back to the front and there is no blood flow in ultrasound color doppler.
Also distinguish testicular tumors to think about when symptoms persist after treatment. Ultrasound identifies the tumor.

Acute epididymis manifests symptoms: scrotal pain on one side or both sides, swelling, redness, difficulty urinating, low-grade pain, generalized fever, chills. Pain during intercourse or ejaculation may result in blood in semen.
Blood tests, white blood cells increased.



Testicular inflammation does not treat chronic epididymitis, scrotum abscess, prostatitis, urethral stenosis and infertility.
Treatment of acute epididymitis mainly using antibiotics for chlamydia and escherichia coliand neisseria gonorrhoeae.coli, neisseria gonorrhoeae.
First-dose ceftriaxon intramuscularly 250mg then use doxycyclin 100mg, twice a day, 1 capsule, use continuously for 10 days. Or use cefotaxim 1g, intramuscularly, single dose + doxycyclin 100mg, take 1 tablet, twice a day, for 10 days. Treatment of sexual partners with the above dosage is required.

Prevention of STDs in men
Encourage condom use during intercourse to prevent and limit the risk of spread. Understand the importance of treating early when abnormal signs.




It is important to educate young people about the dangers and dangers of sexually transmitted diseases, emphasize safe sex behaviors, and guide condom use during intercourse..

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