The Culprit Causes Bronchiolitis In Children

Cold weather is a favorable factor for bacteria, viruses to grow and cause disease. Children are always the most vulnerable to these agents, especially respiratory diseases.
In which bronchiolitis (VTPQ) is a common disease, can lead to severe consequences if not detected and treated promptly. According to statistics, death of acute respiratory infections ranks 5th in the pathology in children.
Virus - The main culprit
The agent that causes children to have bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, the first is the respiratory syncytial virus (Respiratoire Syncytial virus, or VRS), accounting for 30-50% of cases

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This virus has 2 special points: the ability to spread very strongly so the disease is likely to become a pandemic; Adults and children may also be infected with the syncytial virus, but the symptoms are usually mild, just like the common cold.
But if a child is younger than 2 years old, an infection may manifest as a severe form of VTPQ. Influenza viruses and influenza also cause about 25% of children with bronchiolitis In addition, Adenovirus with 10% of the cases.




If a child lives in an area with influenza epidemics or an upper respiratory tract infection (caused by a syncytial virus), the infection rate is very high because the child's body resistance is still too weak, especially if they are breastfed and cannot breastfeed. full breast milk.
Children who have been sick from previous viral infections such as nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis, and VA are all at risk if they are not well cared for. Children with congenital heart disease, living in a passive smoking environment, congenital lung disease or immunodeficiency are all at high risk of acquiring VTPQ.
Manifested when a child has VTPQ
VTPQ is a common disease in young children, especially children 3-6 months old. When infected, these small bronchioles are inflamed, swollen, secrete lots of fluids, making the child's airways constrict or even block.
Parents are not subjective when they see children with signs such as cough, runny nose, moderate fever or high fever After 3-5 days, children cough more and more, appear difficult breathing, wheezing.




Severe cases are pale, even stop breathing. Children who come to the hospital for examination often see tachypnea, moderate fever, respiratory contractions, concave chest, and whine.
Breathing can be heard wheezing, snoring, poor ventilation. Later, the child coughs more often with wheezing and may have difficulty breathing (breathing faster, chest-pulled contraction).
More severe babies may stop breastfeeding, cyanosis. The disease has symptoms similar to asthma. Usually children will wheeze lasting about 7 days, the cough subsides in about 14 days and then completely healed with good care. However, in about 1 in 5 cases, the disease can last for weeks.




How to monitor and take care of children
If the disease is mild, uncomplicated, and has no risk factors, it can be cared for at home. Continue breastfeeding or eating well. Children should drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. Need to clear the nose for children to help children breathe easier and better suck. Can nasal drops with 2-3 drops of physiological saline then clean the nose for children.
Give children medication as directed by a physician. Avoid cigarette smoke as it can make a child's illness worse and more likely to get asthma later. Need to see the doctor's appointment on time.




When children have severe signs such as shortness of breath, poor feeding, cyanosis, complications need to be hospitalized for treatment. For normal forms, without respiratory failure, the doctor will conduct airway suction, release the secretions upon admission. Using a moisturizer, a quick-acting bronchodilator such as ventolin, bricanyl, salbutamol. Combined with respiratory therapy, flapping vibration, suction phlegm.
Children with high fever, vomiting, rapid breathing must compensate for adequate fluids and electrolytes according to their body needs. Children need to have enough nutrition and careful consideration before using antibiotics.
For severe cases with respiratory failure, oxygen must be given, aspirated for upper airways, bronchodilators of moist air, water, electrolytes according to body's need to make up for the shortage.
If these measures do not improve respiratory failure, intubation and other supportive respiratory measures should be carried out.



Only use antibiotics when signs of secondary infection, steriod should not be used for children.
How effective prevention?
To prevent disease for children, mothers should breastfeed to 2 years of age, do not let children get cold, keep the child's living environment clean. Children with congenital heart and lung diseases are especially noted because they are susceptible to disease and progress badly.
Beware of complications caused by VTPQ
Common complications of the disease are respiratory failure, pneumonia (due to susceptibility to multiple infections), collapse of the lungs, otitis media. It should be noted that the disease may be more severe, last longer, have more complications and also be higher in the following cases: infants under 3 months of age, premature babies - low birth weight, severely malnourished children, children have heart, lung and immunodeficiency diseases. These are children with risk factors that need to be hospitalized early with VTPQ..

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